Hunan Provincial Department of Financepiece

　

Xiang Cai Gou [2015] No.5

　

　

Hunan Provincial Department of Finance on Further Standardization

Notice of government procurement work

　

Provincial budget units:

The Regulations on the Implementation of the Government Procurement Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) came into force on March 1, 2015. forFurther standardize the government procurement work, improve the efficiency of government procurement, and build a standardized and transparent government procurement mechanism with fair competition, proper supervision and strict accountability.The relevant matters concerning the standardization of government procurement of provincial budget units (hereinafter referred to as purchasers) are hereby clarified as follows, please follow them.

First, clear responsibilities and establish an effective internal control mechanism for government procurement.

1, the implementation should be exhausted.The purchaser’s use of fiscal funds (that is, funds included in budget management) to purchase goods, projects and services within the centralized procurement catalogue or above the procurement limit standard should be included in government procurement. Borrowing funds with fiscal funds as the source of repayment are regarded as fiscal funds; If the procurement project uses both financial funds and non-financial funds, the part purchased with financial funds is applicable to government procurement; Where fiscal funds and non-fiscal funds cannot be purchased separately, government procurement shall be uniformly applied.

Should the project of government procurement be implemented without government procurement according to law, the Provincial Department of Finance shall not go through the government procurement procedures, and shall not pay the procurement funds, and shall be investigated for the legal responsibility of the relevant units and responsible persons according to law. Procurement projects involving national security and secrets shall be identified by the Provincial State Secrecy Bureau, and the purchaser shall report to the Provincial Department of Finance for the record.

2. Purchase in strict accordance with the law.The purchaser should establish the concept of "legal duty must be, and the law cannot be authorized", carry out government procurement activities in strict accordance with the provisions of the Government Procurement Law and its implementing regulations and relevant rules and regulations, and implement the relevant duties of the procurement subject.

The purchaser shall, in accordance with the provisions of the government centralized procurement catalogue and procurement quota standards promulgated by the Provincial Department of Finance, implement centralized procurement and decentralized procurement according to law. For the procurement projects within the centralized government procurement catalogue, if the system of agreed supply, fixed-point service, online bidding, electronic mall or batch centralized procurement is not implemented, and the single purchase amount does not exceed 50,000 yuan, and the annual cumulative amount does not exceed 200,000 yuan, the purchaser can organize the procurement by himself.

3. Establish internal control mechanism.The purchaser should follow the principle of "exercising power in different cases and establishing power in different posts".Clear procurement, finance, business related departments in government procurement activitiesJob responsibilities, set up incompatible posts such as demand confirmation, organization review and contract acceptance, and strengthen internal process control of government procurement. The purchaser shall strengthen the demand research, and the demand of the procurement project shall be confirmed by the purchaser in writing. The purchaser’s representative shall be authorized in writing by the unit to participate in the evaluation activities, and legal documents such as procurement documents, contracts and questions and answers shall be made after the legality audit in the unit.

4、Establish a dispute handling mechanism.The purchaser should seriously deal with,appropriateHandle supplier inquiries,Questioning and reporting cases, establishingPrevention and communication mechanism to resolve disputes according to law and avoid escalation of disputes; When dealing with procurement disputes, the purchaser should seek the opinions of the legal institution of the unit or the entrusted lawyer. If the procurement agency is entrusted to answer questions, it must be confirmed in writing before the reply is issued.

5. Strengthen file management.The purchaser and the procurement agency shall properly keep the procurement documents of each procurement activity. After the procurement activities are completed, the procurement agency shall hand over the procurement documents to the purchaser for archiving. Procurement documents can be saved in the form of electronic files.

Two, standardize the operation, establish a transparent and efficient government procurement mechanism.

6. Strengthen budget management.The purchaser shall, in accordance with the requirements of "all the staff should be compiled", compile the government procurement budget of the procurement project in the current year in the departmental budget, confirm the source of funds for the procurement project, clarify the procurement demand, and refine the procurement items to the last level of the Catalogue of Government Procurement Items. For the procurement projects included in the government procurement budget at the beginning of the year, the purchaser shall strictly follow the approved government procurement budget and be responsible for the implementation results according to law.

If the purchaser adds new government procurement projects, changes or adjusts the procurement items, procurement quantity and budget amount of the approved government procurement projects, it shall correspondingly add and adjust the government procurement budget within the total budget expenditure of the approved department, and shall fill in the Adjustment Form for the Implementation of Government Procurement Budget (Annex 1) and submit it to the Provincial Department of Finance for examination and approval before implementation. Involving future annual departmental budget funding arrangements or the use of fiscal funds for repayment of borrowing funds procurement projects, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the budget management offices of the relevant departments of the Provincial Department of Finance, and implement the funding sources before filing the government procurement implementation plan.

The unused government procurement budget and departmental budget at the end of the year are carried forward synchronously, and the approved government procurement budget will be cancelled if the budget indicators are recovered; If the budget indicators are agreed to be carried forward, the purchaser shall implement it according to the government procurement budget issued after the carry-forward, and apply the centralized government procurement catalogue and procurement quota standard and open tender amount standard in the new budget year.

7. Strict planning and management.The purchaser shall prepare the government procurement implementation plan according to the approved government procurement budget and approved fund plan (see Annex 2 for the format), and report it to the Provincial Department of Finance for the record and obtain the plan number. The procurement items, quantity, budget amount and other contents of the government procurement implementation plan should be consistent with the approved government procurement budget and fund plan. The purchaser’s filing of engineering (Class B) projects shall also be in accordance with the "Implementation Measures for the Evaluation and Management of Financial Investment in Hunan Province"(Xiang Cai Ban [2011] No.16)Conduct financial investment review, and determine the budget amount of the procurement project implementation plan according to the conclusion of the financial investment review.

The purchaser’s adjustment of the implementation plan should be re-filed in time, and the budget adjustment and approval procedures should be performed first if it involves the adjustment of the government procurement budget.

8. Strict examination and approval management.Government procurement projects that meet the standard of public bidding amount need to adopt procurement methods other than public bidding, and purchase imported products, should be submitted to the Provincial Department of Finance for examination and approval in writing before the preparation of the government procurement implementation plan. The Provincial Department of Finance implements the time-limited settlement: from the date of receiving the application, it will give a written reply within 10 working days; If the material does not meet the requirements, it shall be revised and supplemented within 3 working days.

If the government procurement project intends to adopt the bidding procurement method, the purchaser shall specify the bid evaluation method in the procurement implementation plan; The lowest bid evaluation method should be adopted for goods and services with uniform standards such as technology and services; If the comprehensive scoring method is adopted, the score setting in the evaluation criteria should correspond to the quantitative indicators of the evaluation factors. If the government procurement project intends to adopt the non-tendering procurement method, the purchaser shall clearly invite suppliers in the procurement implementation plan.

9. Standardize agency behavior.The projects in the centralized procurement catalogue should be entrusted to the government procurement center of Hunan provincial organs to organize procurement; The project purchaser outside the catalogue may entrust a procurement agency to purchase, or organize the procurement by itself. Entrust a procurement agency, should comprehensively consider the client’s professional ability, management level and fees, and choose the best. The purchaser shall organize the procurement activities by himself, and shall not charge the supplier for the cost of procurement documents.

When the purchaser entrusts a procurement agency, it shall sign an agency agreement (for the format, see the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Non-tendering Procurement by Hunan Provincial Government) to clarify the entrusted matters and the rights and responsibilities of both parties. The legal responsibilities of the purchaser, such as confirming the procurement documents, recommending suppliers, confirming the evaluation report, and confirming the successful bidder (transaction), shall not be entrusted to the procurement agency.

If a procurement agency collects agency service fees from the successful bidder (clinch a deal), it shall clearly inform the supplier of the limit and collection method of agency service fees in the tender (supplier invitation) announcement and project procurement documents.

10. Standardize expert extraction.In addition to the provisions of the Ministry of Finance, the evaluation experts should be drawn from the government procurement expert database. The purchaser and the procurement agency shall submit the extraction application online 3 working days in advance, and the system will randomly extract it within 24 hours before the evaluation and notify the evaluation experts. The evaluation of bidding documents, the demonstration of imported products and the demonstration of single-source procurement need not be drawn from the expert database of government procurement.

11. Relax access conditions.The purchaser and procurement agency shall clearly define the basic qualifications of suppliers participating in government procurement in strict accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 22 of the Government Procurement Law and paragraph 1 of Article 17 of the Regulations. Only the conditions mandated by laws and regulations or set for realizing the functions of government procurement policies can be regarded as specific qualification conditions. The purchaser and the procurement agency shall not require the supplier to provide certification materials other than the basic qualifications and specific qualifications for any reason. The registered capital, total assets, operating income, employees, profits, tax payment and authorization of manufacturers shall not be set as supplier qualification conditions, and small and medium-sized enterprises shall not be hindered or restricted from freely entering the government procurement market in their own regions and industries.

12, standardize the project review.In addition to the qualification examination identified errors, score summary calculation errors, sub-item scores beyond the scope of scoring standards, objective scores are inconsistent, and the evaluation committee unanimously identified the scores as abnormally high and abnormally low, the purchaser and procurement agency shall not organize re-evaluation. Under the above circumstances, if the result of winning the bid (clinch a deal) is changed after the purchaser reorganizes the review, or if the result of winning the bid (clinch a deal) is changed due to the query reply, the purchaser shall timely report the relevant information to the Provincial Department of Finance for the record, and inform the suppliers involved in the procurement activities and announce the reasons.

13. Implement policy functions.The purchaser shall implement the relevant policy functions of government procurement in the process of government procurement budget preparation and project review. The compulsory procurement items in the List of Government Procurement of Energy-saving Products shall be subject to government compulsory procurement; The products of prison enterprises and welfare enterprises can be given targeted support by setting specific qualifications; Non-mandatory procurement items in the List of Government Procurement of Energy-saving Products, products in the List of Government Procurement of Environmental Labeling Products, products listed in the Catalogue of Government Procurement of Two-type Products in Hunan Province and products of small and medium-sized enterprises shall be subject to preferential evaluation measures such as price deduction and extra points in bid evaluation in accordance with relevant policies and regulations. At the same time, for energy saving, environmental labeling and two-type products, the supplier shall choose one of them to enjoy the preferential evaluation; Only those who meet the national policy of promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises can enjoy the preferential review again. Only part of the products in the same project belong to the scope of preferential policies for evaluation, and only this part of the products will be given preferential treatment during evaluation.

14. Standardize the agreed supply and fixed-point procurement.Except that the designated intermediary service for official travel abroad (border) is changed to the designated official air ticket, the agreed supply and designated procurement of provincial units will continue to be implemented until June 2016.It ends on the 30th of June. When the purchaser selects the short-listed supplier or the short-listed supplier with the lowest quotation according to the regulations, it shall announce the closing result and contract within 2 working days from the date of closing, and put the contract on record within 7 working days from the date of signing the contract. The scattered fixed-point procurement with a cumulative amount of no more than 50,000 yuan can be announced and put on record after being merged regularly. The purchaser can organize the bidding of the shortlisted suppliers by himself, or entrust the government procurement center of the provincial government of Hunan Province to organize it.

Third, strengthen supervision and establish a strict accountability supervision mechanism for government procurement

15. Promote information disclosure.The purchaser and procurement agency shall, within 2 working days from the date of determining the supplier who won the bid (clinch a deal), announce the result of winning the bid (clinch a deal) and the tender documents, competitive negotiation documents or inquiry notice on the Hunan government procurement website, and the announcement period shall not be less than 3 working days; Within 2 working days from the date of signing the government procurement contract, the government procurement contract will be announced on the Hunan government procurement website, except for the contents involving state secrets and commercial secrets. If the purchaser entrusts an agency to issue an announcement, it shall review the contents of the announcement and bear corresponding responsibilities.

The contents of the announcement of the winning bid (transaction) results shall include:

(1) the name, address and contact information of the purchaser and the procurement agency, the project name and project number, the name and address of the supplier who won the bid (clinch a deal) and the bid (clinch a deal) amount;

(2) For goods procurement projects, the name, specifications, brand, manufacturer, quantity, unit price and service requirements of the goods shall be announced; For service procurement projects, the service list, service content and staffing list shall be published; For engineering procurement projects, the bill of quantities, material quantity and unit price, labor cost, etc. shall be published;

(3) List of suppliers participating in procurement activities, quotation, rating and qualification, compliance review and list of review experts. If the supplier is recommended in writing to participate in procurement activities, the recommendation opinions of the purchaser and evaluation experts shall also be announced.

The publicity of single-source procurement that meets the standard of public bidding amount, and the announcements of goods and services procurement projects with more than 10 million yuan (including: bidding announcement, pre-qualification announcement, competitive negotiation, invitation of inquiry procurement suppliers, announcement of bid winning and transaction results, announcement of procurement contract, etc.) shall be released simultaneously on Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Network (www.ccgp-hunan.gov.cn) and Red Net Government Procurement Channel (zfcg.rednet.cn).

The purchaser shall complete the contract filing within 7 working days from the date of signing the procurement contract, and the original method of signing the electronic contract online shall be stopped.

For government procurement construction projects and goods and services procurement projects related to the project construction to which the tendering and bidding law is applicable, the purchaser shall issue tender announcements, pre-qualification announcements and publicity of successful candidates in accordance with the regulations for the implementation of the tendering and bidding law, and provide links to relevant information for simultaneous reprinting on Hunan government procurement network. The purchaser shall, in accordance with the provisions of this notice, publish the winning contract online and put it on record.

16. Strengthen daily supervision.The Provincial Department of Finance will strengthen the supervision and inspection of government procurement activities of purchasers and procurement agencies according to law. Specific methods include: organizing special inspections, regularly sampling the bid-winning (clinched) projects, and irregularly checking the procurement activities of purchasers and agencies. The competent budget unit of the purchaser shall strengthen the guidance of the government procurement work in this system and perform the corresponding supervisory duties.

17. Build a credit system.The Provincial Department of Finance further refines relevant measures and formulates government procurement agencies and evaluation experts.andSupplier credit record standard; The establishment of bad behavior record management and publicity system, the illegal agency, evaluation experts.And suppliers, included in the list of bad behavior records, and to the public.

18, strict accountability.For violations of laws and regulations found in supervision and inspection, the Provincial Department of Finance will promptly handle and report them according to law, and urge rectification; For serious illegal acts and dishonesty in government procurement activities, the Provincial Department of Finance will jointly implement joint punishment with relevant departments according to law.

This notice shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation. The Hunan Provincial Government Procurement Work Standard (Xiangcai Purchase [2012No.14), "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Non-tendering Procurement of Hunan Provincial Government Procurement" (Xiangcai Purchase [2014] No.15) and other documents that are inconsistent with the "Regulations" and the provisions of this notice shall be suspended.

　

Attachment: 1. Adjustment Table of Government Procurement Budget Implementation

2, the government procurement implementation plan for the record table

　

　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Hunan Provincial Department of Finance

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 July 10th, 2015

　　Influenza, as we often say, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which usually causes many people to be infected in a certain season or time period, with obvious seasonality. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization, the seasonal epidemic of influenza virus can lead to an average of about 3 million to 5 million severe cases and 290,000 to 650,000 respiratory disease-related deaths worldwide every year.

　　Today, let’s talk about the difference between influenza and common cold, why respiratory infectious diseases are prone to occur in autumn, winter, winter and spring, what are the common respiratory infectious diseases, and how to jointly prevent respiratory infectious diseases.

　　1. What’s the difference between the flu and the common cold?

　　Although influenza and common cold are both respiratory diseases, they are completely different. The follow table lists that difference between influenza and common cold:

　　Second, why are respiratory infectious diseases prone to high incidence in autumn and winter and winter and spring?

　　Mainly includes the following reasons: First, the cold season is more conducive to the survival of most pathogens; Second, doors and windows are often closed in autumn, winter, winter and spring, and indoor air circulation is reduced. Once there is a source of infection, it is easy to cause the spread of diseases; Third, the resistance of nasal mucosa decreases in cold season, and pathogens are more likely to invade the human body; Fourth, there are many indoor activities in the cold season, which increases the chance of infection.

　　3. What are the common respiratory infectious diseases?

　　Common respiratory infectious diseases include influenza, Covid-19 infection, measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, whooping cough and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. With the coming of autumn and winter, influenza activities may increase, and the risk of cluster epidemics in schools and other crowded places will increase. The risk of common or alternate epidemics of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, respiratory syncytial virus infection, adenovirus infection, common coronavirus infection and rhinovirus infection is high.

　　Fourth, how to carry out multi-disease prevention of respiratory infectious diseases?

　　Vaccination is the most economical and effective way to prevent infectious diseases. At present, the respiratory infectious diseases that can be prevented by vaccines in China include influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, whooping cough, diphtheria, pneumococcal infection and Haemophilus influenzae infection. At present, it is the best time for influenza vaccination. All people aged 6 months and above who have no vaccination contraindications can get influenza vaccination, especially the elderly, children, patients with chronic basic diseases and other high-risk groups.

　　Taking daily protection and public health measures can also effectively achieve multi-disease prevention of respiratory infectious diseases, including:

　　1. Pay attention to cough etiquette and hand hygiene, and develop good hygiene habits;

　　2. Enhance physical fitness, pay attention to balanced nutrition, improve physical resistance and develop a healthy lifestyle;

　　3. Try to go to crowded public places as little as possible, especially closed places with poor air flow;

　　4. Reduce contact with people with respiratory symptoms, and pay attention to personal protection when contacting;

　　5. Do a good job in indoor ventilation.

CCTV News:The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement will come into effect on January 1, 2022 for 10 countries that have completed the approval procedures, which will also provide many opportunities for the development of China’s agricultural trade. In this context, Guangdong’s agricultural sector has built an international trading center for agricultural products in six major high-quality fruit producing areas to boost the quality and efficiency of the entire industrial chain of agricultural products.

During this period, fruits in many places in Guangdong entered a concentrated picking period. Deqing County is the main producing area of citrus in Guangdong. The fruit farm operated by the grower Xu Junwei has a planting area of 120 mu, and this year’s output has reached 500,000 Jin. In the past two years, the output of citrus has been increased by improving varieties and planting techniques. This year, he aimed at overseas markets.

Citrus grower Xu Junwei:The sales channels have been expanded, and the sales prices have also increased, so that the benefits of our fruit farmers in the production process have been better guaranteed.

Under the policy background of "Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement", at present, Guangdong agricultural departments have successively established international trading centers for agricultural products in six high-quality agricultural products planting areas, including citrus, litchi and longan, so as to let high-quality agricultural products go out and promote the high-quality development of Guangdong agriculture.

Huang Weihua, Director of Exchange and Cooperation Department of Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:We aim at RCEP, which will take effect early next year, and take the lead in guiding and supporting the construction of a number of international trading centers for agricultural products. We can promote the ability of our agricultural products to enter the international market, thus promoting the quality improvement and efficiency improvement of the whole industrial chain of agricultural products from breeding production and logistics processing.

　　BEIJING, April 18 (Reporter Cheng Chunyu) On April 17, the People’s Bank of China decided to reduce the deposit reserve ratio of some financial institutions from April 25 to replace the medium-term lending facilities. Experts believe that this move will reduce the cost of bank capital and corporate financing, benefit the bond market, and help stabilize the stock market and the macro economy.

　　On the 17th, the People’s Bank of China decided to lower the deposit reserve ratio of some financial institutions to replace the medium-term lending facilities. Photo by Yang Mingjing

　　Which banks are involved in this move?

　　According to the notice of the central bank, the RMB deposit reserve ratio will be lowered by 1 percentage point from 25th, involving large commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, city commercial banks, non-county rural commercial banks and foreign banks.

　　At present, the benchmark level of these banks’ deposit reserve ratio is relatively high at 17% or 15%, and institutions that borrow MLF are also among these banks.

　　At the same time, the central bank requires that on the same day, the above-mentioned banks will use the funds released by the RRR cut to repay the medium-term lending facilities (MLF) borrowed by the central bank in the order of "borrowing first and returning first".

　　Pan Xiangdong, chief economist of New Era Securities, thinks that MLF cannot completely replace RRR cut. Specifically, MLF has a time limit, which will aggravate liquidity stratification, and MLF needs to pay interest, and financial institutions will pass the cost on to enterprises. By replacing MLF with RRR reduction, the interest payment cost of commercial banks is reduced, which is conducive to reducing the financing cost of enterprises.

　　Why is this time point implemented?

　　The relevant person in charge of the central bank said that at present, China’s small and micro enterprises still face the problem of financing difficulties and expensive financing. In order to increase support for small and micro enterprises, we can replace part of the central bank’s borrowing funds by appropriately lowering the statutory deposit reserve ratio, further increase the stability of the banking system’s funds, optimize the liquidity structure, and appropriately release incremental funds.

　　Pan Xiangdong told reporters that the reason for not lowering the RRR in recent two years is to prevent risks. However, after deleveraging, China’s macro leverage ratio has been controlled, and the RMB exchange rate has been relatively stable and even appreciated since 2017. China’s economic and financial risks have been well controlled, and the constraints on monetary policy have been alleviated.

　　According to Zhang Ming, chief economist of Ping An Securities, the central bank’s move is a "neutral" RRR cut. He believes that the timing of the relaxation of the central bank’s liquidity operation is advanced, which makes the probability of possible tightening of financial regulatory policies in the second quarter decline.

　　How much incremental funds will be released?

　　The relevant person in charge of the central bank said that based on the data at the end of the first quarter of 2018, the MLF was repaid about 900 billion yuan on the day of operation, and the incremental funds were released about 400 billion yuan. Most of the incremental funds were released to city commercial banks and non-county rural commercial banks.

　　The person in charge pointed out that this measure will increase the long-term capital supply and reduce the cost of bank funds. The replacement of MLF can reduce the interest payment cost of commercial banks and help reduce the financing cost of enterprises. The released incremental funds have increased the low-cost sources of loans for small and micro enterprises.

　　Pan Xiangdong also pointed out that cost reduction is the focus of supply-side structural reform this year, and reducing the financing cost of enterprises is the top priority. Previously, the central bank has been implementing the targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, but the release of liquidity is limited, and the problems of difficult and expensive financing for small and micro enterprises have not been effectively solved. This RRR cut can increase the support for small and micro enterprises.

　　What is the impact on financial markets such as the stock market?

　　Zhang Ming said that the direct impact of the central bank’s move is to benefit the bond market and help stabilize the stock market and the macro economy. Pan Xiangdong expressed the same view that the RRR cut is conducive to economic stability and the capital market.

　　Pan Xiangdong added: First, the RRR cut will help ease the pressure on banks’ debt side, reduce the financing costs of enterprises, expand investment and increase the growth rate of manufacturing investment, which has been at a low level for a long time. Second, the RRR cut is conducive to expanding domestic demand and hedging the uncertainty faced by China’s external demand. Third, while supplementing liquidity, it will stimulate the capital market.

　　On the 17th, the four major A-share indexes in China all fell, and the representative Shanghai Composite Index fell 1.41% to close at 3,066.80 points, a record low for the year.

　　Yang Delong, chief economist of Qianhai Kaiyuan, said that the economic fundamentals have not changed. Recently, many high-quality stocks in the A-share market have been wrongly killed. The central bank’s downgrade will boost market confidence, and the market outlook is expected to rebound and gradually repair the previous downward trend.

　　Does the RRR cut mean that the orientation of monetary policy has changed?

　　The reporter noted that some institutions believe that the loose space of monetary policy is open, "the central bank’s move means that monetary policy is fine-tuning."

　　Pan Xiangdong believes that risk prevention is one of the three major battles in 2018, and the prudent neutral monetary policy will not change. In March, the central bank followed the Federal Reserve to raise the short-term money market interest rate, and the government proposed structural deleveraging, all of which have clearly conveyed the determination to prevent risks.

　　"The stable and neutral monetary policy orientation remains unchanged." The relevant person in charge of the central bank made it clear that most of the funds released by the RRR cut were used to repay the medium-term loan facilities, which were substitutes for two liquidity adjustment tools, while the remaining small amount of funds were hedged with the tax period in the middle and late April. Therefore, while optimizing the liquidity structure, the total amount of liquidity in the banking system remained basically unchanged and remained neutral.

　　At the same time, the person in charge said that China is a developing country, and in order to prevent financial risks, it still needs to maintain a relatively high deposit reserve ratio. The People’s Bank of China will continue to implement a prudent and neutral monetary policy, maintain a reasonable and stable liquidity, guide a steady and moderate increase in the scale of monetary credit and social financing, and create a suitable monetary and financial environment for high-quality development and supply-side structural reform. (End)

　　Now we all have a common problem, that is, we always feel that the mobile phone traffic is not enough. In the past, when there was no unlimited traffic card such as Unicom Dawang Card, the traffic in the package was very small, and it was very expensive to deduct the excess traffic. In order to save money, we controlled ourselves to brush less videos and browse less websites, but the traffic for one month was enough. At that time, the sign was to set the mobile phone to automatically disconnect from the network after the monthly traffic was exceeded to prevent yourself from being charged a high fee.

　　Now, after the unlimited traffic card comes out, we let go of our constraints, and dozens of GB of traffic a month can’t meet our needs. And once you let go of the constraints on yourself and then want to go back to the past, according to the maximum amount of traffic you use every day, turn off the traffic after using it to control your life, and you will never go back. This is the so-called "from frugality to luxury, from luxury to frugality." Because of this, our monthly traffic charges are much higher than before, but the telephone charges have not increased much, which may be the result that major operators want to see most.

　　Of course, there are other reasons for insufficient traffic, such as:

　　1. The performance of mobile phones is better than before, and the software package is bigger than before;

　　2. Now the frequency of software update is faster than before;

　　3. Now that mobile phones can bring more entertainment software, we spend more time playing mobile phones than before;

　　4. The current network transmission speed is faster than before, and the clearer the video and pictures, the more traffic it costs;

　　With the reform of information technology, a lot of work and study have been transferred to the network, so the traffic used is naturally more than before, and so on.

　　So do you think your monthly traffic is enough? What can we do to get enough traffic every month? Now I have summarized 17 ways to solve the problem of insufficient traffic, and listed them for you one by one. Let’s take a look.

　　The first one uses less data traffic and more WiFi.

　　The way to use less traffic is to try to connect to WiFi before you start playing mobile phones at home, at work or at friends’ homes, instead of letting you reduce traffic. If you have a lot of software to update, or want to download a TV series or movie, when you need several GB of traffic, you can control yourself first and wait until we connect to WiFi. In this way, we can save ourselves the next traffic fee every month. As time goes on, it will be a considerable sum in a few years.

　　The second option is to choose an operator with cheap traffic.

　　There are three domestic operators: China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom. The charging standards for traffic, voice calls and short messages are different from each other. At present, the charging standards for traffic are probably as follows:

　　If you don’t want to change the number but want to use more traffic, you can handle the port number transfer service, so that everything tied to your number will not be affected, and your friends can contact you.

　　The third way is to do a package with more traffic.

　　Open WeChat to search for [card bubble] and you can apply for a large-flow package of 200G per month. The traffic in the package is very cheap, much cheaper than the traffic refueling package outside the package, so we try to choose those packages with a lot of traffic. At present, the flow of the large flow card package is the cheapest, with 200G almost as long as 19 yuan per month. It can be used not only for surfing the Internet, but also for making phone calls and sending short messages. It can also be used as an auxiliary card, and the main card uses the previous mobile phone card. Secondly, the package with streaming-free software is cheaper, because this package often contains dozens of GB of free directional exclusive traffic. Finally, compared with the first two kinds, the ordinary package charges with traffic are much more expensive, so we don’t recommend you to handle them.　　

　　The fourth is to participate in the activities of giving away traffic from operators.

　　Each operator will launch various activities in its own APP and WeChat official account, and get some traffic for free through these activities, such as traffic grabbing activities released irregularly by Mobile, traffic checking activities, traffic signing activities and so on. Pay attention to WeChat WeChat official account [Card Bubble] and you can get it. Some of them are used in the software required by operators, such as mobile migu music and Mi Gu video. Some are national general traffic, which can be used in any APP and anywhere. Participating more and using these traffic according to the requirements of operators can help you save a lot of traffic fees.

　　Fifth, multi-purpose streaming-free software disables non-streaming-free software from networking with data traffic.

　　Each free-stream package has its own exclusive free-stream software, and the traffic consumed in the process of using these softwares is given away for free. You can get it by following WeChat WeChat official account [Card Bubble], but the traffic consumed by using software other than these softwares and the traffic given away for free will be deducted after use. Only one network is allowed for each software. For example, users of Tencent Dawang Card want to browse the web, only one QQ browser without streaming is allowed to connect to the network, and other browsers are set to prohibit using data traffic to connect to the network. Each streaming-free package has its own platform to view this streaming-free software. Take Tencent King Card as an example. The query entry is: Click on the "Wangka Assistant" WeChat official account-Privilege-Streamless Application Center-drop-down page and click on the "Streamless Description" at the bottom to view all the streaming-free software of Tencent King Card.　　

　　

　　The sixth way is to set the pictures and videos to low-color mode or no-picture mode in the software settings.

　　In the process of data transmission, the traffic occupied by words is very small, and most of them are consumed by large files such as pictures and videos. Reducing their image quality can help us save a lot of traffic, sacrifice a small part of the experience, and save a lot of traffic fees.　　

　　The seventh current-saving mode of opening software

　　The software itself also has a flow saving mode. When this function is turned on, the software will automatically help us save the flow consumed during use. However, this function also retains our sense of experience in the process of use, that is, it saves the flow without affecting our visual experience. It is much better than the graph-free mode of opening the software, but the disadvantage is that the flow saving effect is not obvious.　　

　　Eighth, turn on the advertisement filtering function

　　In the process of using mobile phones, advertisements are the last thing we like to see. Turning on the advertisement filtering function in software settings can not only help us save the traffic consumed by advertisements, but also make us feel more happy in the process of using mobile phones.　　

　　The ninth kind of shutdown software uses traffic synchronization information.

　　Many software will synchronize our data to the background, especially the network disk, which is a software that specially backs up our data. Every time we synchronize data, it will take us as little as a few GB and as much as dozens of GB. Turning off the software and using traffic synchronization information, and then synchronizing when there is WiFi, can help us save a lot of traffic.　　

　　Tenth, open the WiFi-only networking function.

　　Many softwares have the setting that only WiFi networking is turned on. When it is turned on, the software automatically does not use data traffic. When we have enough traffic, we can turn this function off, and when we have finished the traffic consumption, we can turn this function on, which can save us a lot of traffic.　　

　　Eleventh download navigation software offline map and offline voice.

　　Navigation software is one of the most frequently used software in our life, especially when we are in a new environment, we are unfamiliar with the roads around us, and we can’t move without navigation software. Friends who often use navigation software and friends who often drive must remember to download offline maps. In most cases, every time we quit using navigation software, we will consume dozens of MB of traffic, and the number will be even greater if we use it with multiple frequencies and for a long time. Find a WiFi to download the offline maps and voice packets in the navigation software, which can save you a lot of traffic.

　　

　　Twelfth, turn off the functions of listening to live broadcast in the background and playing live broadcast automatically.

　　Many live broadcast software and shopping software have the function of listening to live broadcast in the background and playing live broadcast automatically. As long as we browse to the page containing live broadcast, it will play live broadcast automatically. And after we click back, this live broadcast is still playing in the background, consuming our traffic. Turning off these two functions can help us save a lot of traffic.

　　Thirteenth message notification that it doesn’t matter to close the software.

　　Under normal circumstances, each software will push us at least 2-3 notifications a day. Every day, the mobile phone vibrates in the bag and keeps ringing. Every time we thought that someone was on WeChat, QQ, or someone sent a text message to find us. In order not to miss important information, we found that it was a spam notice after opening the lock screen, which made us feel very annoyed.

　　It is not important to close the software, which can not only help us save the traffic consumed by the software background networking, but also make our mood happier.　　

　　Fourteenth, buy a portable WiFi.

　　Portable WiFi is a small electronic device, which is equivalent to a mobile router. It can send out WiFi signals at any time and anywhere with signals. Provide network connection for your mobile phone, tablet computer, notebook computer, and all the devices that can connect to WiFi of your friends and company. It can’t make phone calls or send text messages, which is similar to putting a pure flow card in a rechargeable electronic device, and whether there is a plug-in version with a built-in pure flow card is on sale. Its price is cheap, generally around 100-300. You can get it for free by paying attention to WeChat WeChat official account [Card Bubble], and the traffic charge is very low. Long-term use can save you a lot of traffic charges, which is very suitable for people with many electronic products, high traffic consumption and frequent business trips.　　

　　The fifteenth type has some flow-free VPN, which can be connected without flow.

　　In the past, many IT masters built many VPNs, some of which were charged, but most of them were free. When the mobile phone is connected, all the traffic generated is free, and the traffic in the operator’s package will not be reduced by 1MB. However, with the introduction of the national policy to crack down on illegal VPN, all kinds of VPN software disappeared in the whole network, so it is difficult to find such software again, and we don’t recommend that you do anything illegal.　　

　　Sixteenth, change to a mobile phone with average performance

　　If the performance of the mobile phone can only be used for making phone calls, texting, handling work and studying, we can reduce the use of the mobile phone, because it will get stuck playing games and brushing videos, which will lead to insufficient storage of the mobile phone. This will not only help us save traffic, but also help us quit the internet. Why not kill two birds with one stone?　　

　　Seventeenth, put down your mobile phone and raise your head to get rid of the bad habit of playing with your mobile phone often.

　　Playing mobile phones often not only harms our eyesight, but also shrinks our brains, and eventually our ability to concentrate, think and remember will gradually decline. Moreover, it will gradually reduce our contact with family and friends and eventually become a lonely person. And it also wasted a lot of our precious time. "There will be a reopening day, and no one will be a teenager." I hope everyone will cherish every moment of life, do more things that interest them, or learn something that interests them. The content on the mobile phone will only bring us short-term happiness, but it can’t change the status quo in our lives. We still have to face our real life when we put down the mobile phone. So, please come back to real life and leave the virtual world. Habits are formed, the bad habit of playing mobile phones often is formed, and the good habit of playing mobile phones less is also formed. As long as you are strict with yourself, you will naturally feel that it doesn’t matter if you don’t play mobile phones after a long time.

　　Since the news of "recruitment of members of China Athletics Association officially started" was released on May 5, it has received extensive attention from both inside and outside the industry, and received applications and inquiries from many units in a short time. The Chinese Athletics Association expresses its heartfelt thanks to all the units for their support. In our active communication with various units, we found that some units did not know how to choose the membership type. I don’t know if the application materials I prepared meet the requirements. I don’t even know if my unit can join the China Athletics Association. Don’t worry, in view of the above problems, here is a detailed introduction for you.

　　At present, China Athletics Association implements the membership system and takes the lead in starting the registration of unit members. When applying for corporate membership on "China Track and Field APP", there are six membership types: provincial and municipal track and field associations, local associations and social organizations, schools, sports clubs and educational institutions, enterprises and institutions. If the membership type is not selected correctly, the registration will not be successful, no matter how complete the information is. Although the member types are different, there is no grade difference between member units and there is no promotion relationship. If you are not sure what type your organization should choose, please read the following carefully — —

　　

　　First, the "provincial and municipal track and field associations"

　　A0-class unit members, with legal personality, include track and field associations of provinces, municipalities directly under the central government, autonomous regions and cities with separate state plans.

　　Tip:Don’t choose an association that is not a "track and field" association in the unit name; Don’t choose special associations that are more accurate and focused under the whole track and field category; Don’t choose the municipal track and field association!

　　two"local associations and social organizations"

　　Class A1 unit members, with legal person status, include sports associations or social organizations related to track and field at the prefecture level, district level and county level, as well as other special associations or social organizations other than track and field associations at the provincial level/municipality directly under the central government/autonomous region/cities with separate plans.

　　Tip:If your organization is an association or organization other than A0, please choose this type! For example, a local track and field association, other associations (not limited to regions) and other social organizations (not limited to regions).

　　I have compiled the knowledge about "social organization" for you here. Social organizations usually refer to non-profit organizations established by natural persons, legal persons and other organizations to meet the needs of society or some members of society, and have the characteristics of folk, non-profit, public welfare, autonomy and organization. Social organizations can be divided into legal person social organizations registered in the registration authority (civil affairs department) and community social organizations filed at the grassroots level, among which legal person social organizations include social groups, private non-enterprise units (social service institutions), foundations and other categories.

　　Tip:If your company name is a company, a club or a training school, please don’t choose it!

　　Third, "school"

　　Class B1 unit members, with legal personality, refer to all kinds of schools at all levels that carry out track and field sports or are interested in participating in or undertaking various competitions or activities of the Association. It includes formal colleges and universities approved by the government and education departments, primary schools, middle schools (junior high schools and senior high schools) and universities, as well as national formal vocational and technical colleges.

　　Tip:If your organization is a regular private school approved by the local government and educational institutions, you can also choose this membership type.

　　Four, "sports clubs and educational institutions"

　　Class C1 unit members, with legal person qualification, refer to all kinds of educational institutions and sports clubs at all levels that carry out track and field sports or are interested in participating in or undertaking various competitions or activities of the Association, including a sports club, a sports club, a marathon club, a road running/running club, a fitness club, various running groups, etc., as well as educational institutions in other fields in society, such as a youth training institution and an education and training school.

　　V. "Enterprise Unit"

　　Class D1 unit members, with legal person qualification, include industrial chain service enterprise units centered on sports participants and fans. Such units cover the widest scope, including but not limited to competition operation and various service companies, entity industrial companies, internet or technology companies, such as manufacturers, brands and media units.

　　Tip:Under normal circumstances, most of the names of these companies contain descriptions such as "a limited company", and the company’s license is mainly "business license". A large state-owned enterprise should also choose this type.

　　VI. "Institutions"

　　Members of D2-type units are qualified as legal persons, including industrial chain service institutions centered on sports participants and fans, mainly social service organizations established by the government to engage in education, science and technology, culture, health and other activities. Such units usually hold the "certificate of legal person of public institutions", which is the only legal certificate of legal person qualification of public institutions examined by the registration authority of public institutions according to law and issued to the units approved for establishment and registration.

　　Tip:If your organization (except school) has the Certificate of Legal Person of Public Institution, it is recommended to choose this type!

　　[Tip: Member Application Materials]

　　Before submitting or modifying the registration application materials, please ensure that the "China Track and Field APP" is upgraded to the latest version before operation. If you are downloading and logging in for the first time, please do "real name authentication" and "enterprise authentication" first. After completing the basic information of enterprise certification, the following materials shall be submitted:

　　

　　1. Legal person certificate information (required): it is a color photo of the legal person ID card, with one on the front and one on the back;

　　2. Legal person certification materials (optional, but it is recommended to fill in): it is a photo of a legal person holding an ID card. If it is not convenient to obtain it, you can also submit a legal person certificate. Relevant samples can be obtained by referring to the Internet;

　　3. Organization (required): refers to the organization chart of the company, which shows the organizational structure between departments of the company, and needs to be stamped with the official seal, not the business license/registration certificate of the company;

　　4. List of principal responsible persons (required): refers to the list form of principal responsible persons in daily operation related work of your unit, which needs to be stamped with official seal;

　　5. Unit management system (required): refers to the management regulations and employee system of the unit. If your company has a lot of related system contents, you can take one picture on the home page and one picture on the directory page, and affix the official seals respectively. Just take a photo of other contents, and then contact separately if necessary.

　　Tip:In each page where materials are uploaded separately, please wait a little longer after the pictures are uploaded, and then return after the words "Uploaded successfully" appear, otherwise the uploading of pictures may fail.

　　[Tip: Wait quietly during the pre-audit]

　　May-August is tentatively set as the pre-registration period for company members. If the information you submitted is incorrect, the status will be displayed as "Failed", which can be revised and submitted again. If the information you submitted is correct, the status will continue to show "Being Audited".

　　

　　After the member congress of China Athletics Association is over, it is tentatively scheduled to open payment channels for eligible member units from August to September (if there is any change). Your membership status on China Athletics APP will be changed to "Pending Payment", and the status will be displayed as "Passed" after payment is completed, so please pay attention at that time.

　　Finally, please download the "China Track and Field APP" to view the articles of association. After submitting the application materials, please take the initiative to log in to the APP member page and click to view the audit status. If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Yang by phone or WeChat during working hours. I look forward to joining the Chinese Track and Field Association family!

　　

　　On December 8, 2017, Fu Cong, head of the China delegation, said at the meeting of States parties to the United Nations Biological Weapons Convention that in October of that year, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences held the International Training Course on Biosafety Laboratory Management and Experimental Technology.

　　Don’t underestimate this conference, which is the most important achievement of China virus research in the world. The trainees of this training course organized by Wuhan Virus came from Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Kenya, Serbia, Hungary and other countries. At that time, the lecture team of the training course came from the P4 laboratory construction and research team of Wuhan Institute of Virology. This laboratory has the highest level of protection in China and even in Asia, except for China, the other one is in Japan. At the end of December last year, at the beginning of the discovery of Covid-19, the relevant samples were directly sent to Wuhan P4 laboratory for testing. Later, relevant departments and institutions took the test results and published a paper entitled "Initial Transmission Dynamics of novel coronavirus-infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China" in the New England Journal on January 29th. One of the conclusions was that "interpersonal transmission occurred among close contacts in December 2019". Recently, this paper has been questioned. The Ministry of Science and Technology recently issued a notice asking all relevant research project undertakers and their researchers to devote all their research energy to various research tasks, write the paper on the front line of fighting the epidemic, and apply the research results to fighting the epidemic. Before the task of epidemic prevention and control is completed, we should not focus on publishing the paper. In addition to the early discovery of human-to-human transmission in Covid-19, on January 28, the institute just developed an antibody detection test paper for research; At the same time, the Institute and the Institute of Toxicology and Drug Research of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences jointly discovered novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) at the cellular level.Drugs with good inhibitory effects, such as remidivivir or rendixivir (GS-5734), chloroquine (Sigma-C6628), Ritonavir, etc. In addition, on January 21st, the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province launched the "2019 New Type Pneumonia Emergency Science and Technology Research Project", and established a new type pneumonia emergency science and technology research expert group, whose leader is Shi Zhengli, a researcher at Wuhan Institute of Virology.

　　In addition, the whole genome sequence of novel coronavirus was determined by Wuhan Institute of Virology on January 2nd, and the virus strain was successfully isolated on January 5th. On January 9th, the virus strain resource has been put into the national virus resource database according to the standard, and has been preserved in a standardized way.

　　Wuhan Institute of Virology was also the first institution to conclude that the virus strain originated from bats. On January 23rd, Shi Zhengli’s team published "The Discovery of a novel coronavirus and Its Possible Origin of Bats" on the pre-printed platform of bioRxiv, and proposed that a new type of pneumonia virus might originate from bats. It was confirmed for the first time that novel coronavirus used the same cells as SARS coronavirus to enter the receptor, and it was found that the sequence consistency between novel coronavirus and a bat coronavirus was as high as 96%. Born in 1956, the current director is a post-80s Wuhan Virus Institute, which has a long history and a high level, and is a department-level unit. In June 1956, shortly after the founding of New China, the famous virologist Academician Gao Shangyin, the famous microbiologist Academician Chen Huagui and Professor Jane Haoran and other scientists of the older generation established Wuhan Institute of Virology, which was one of the national institutes established earlier in China. Wuhan Institute of Virology is one of the first enrollment units with the right to confer degrees since the country resumed graduate enrollment. Up to now, the discipline has trained 429 master students and 174 doctoral students. At present, the discipline has 27 discipline groups with different professional directions, 30 doctoral tutors, 10 master tutors, including 3 Jie Qing and 10 people in the Hundred Talents Program. There are 240 graduate students, including 110 doctoral students. The China Virus Resource and Information Center under the Wuhan Virus Institute has the largest virus repository in Asia, and established the only China Virus Collection in China. The research direction of Wuhan virus is all important human viruses.Such as HIV, HCV, influenza virus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), tumor virus KSHV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), etc.) and new viruses of animal origin (such as SARS-CoV, avian influenza virus, arbovirus, etc.). Chen Xinwen, former director of Wuhan Institute of Virology, received his doctorate in virology from Wageningen University in the Netherlands in 2001. He has been engaged in cooperative research in American University of California, Berkley and German University of Duisburg-Essen. Chen Xinwen is also a winner of the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Outstanding Youth Fund. He has won the second prize of national technological invention and the second prize of Hubei Natural Science. He is currently the president of Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chen Xinwen was succeeded by Wang Yanyi, who became the director of Wuhan Virus Institute in October 2018. Wang Yanyi is a female "post-80 s" scientific research cadre, and previously served as the deputy director of Wuhan Virus Research Institute.

　　According to public information, Wang Yanyi was born in 1981. She graduated from Peking University College of Life Sciences in 2004, and then went to the University of Colorado to get a master’s degree. When she came to Wuhan University, she served as a lecturer and associate professor in the School of Life Sciences of Wuhan University for six years, during which she received her doctorate.

　　In March 2012, Wang Yanyi was transferred to Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as the head of molecular immunology discipline and deputy director of the Center for Viral Pathology. In December 2014, he served as assistant to the director, and one year later he was promoted to deputy director of Wuhan Institute of Virology. Wang Yanyi’s main research direction is the interaction mechanism between virus and host. He has presided over or undertaken many projects such as National Natural Science Foundation and 973 Project. Published nearly 30 SCI papers in internationally renowned journals. In 2013, Wang Yanyi was selected as the first batch of top-notch young talents in the national "Ten Thousand Talents Program". Shi Zhengli, a "batwoman", was able to quickly find the virus or its source from bats after searching for the virus host for 13 years in COVID-19, which has a lot to do with one person and her team. This person is Shi Zhengli.

　　Shi Zhengli’s team is working in the field.

　　Shi Zhengli, known as "batwoman", has been engaged in the etiology research of new viruses for a long time, especially in the research on the traceability of SARS virus, and her leading team confirmed that bats are the natural hosts of SARS coronavirus. Since the outbreak of SARS virus 18 years ago, a large number of coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome have been found in bats, their natural hosts. At the beginning of this outbreak in Wuhan, Shi Zhengli’s team obtained full-length genome sequences from five patients, which are almost identical to each other and have a similarity of 79.5% with the genome sequence of SARS-CoV. Later, researchers further found that novel coronavirus (nCoV-2019) had 96% homology with Bat Coronavirus at the whole genome level. By analyzing the paired protein sequences of seven conserved nonstructural proteins, it was shown that novel coronavirus belonged to SARSr-CoV species. The team led by Shi Zhengli not only confirmed that bats are the natural hosts of SARS coronavirus, but also found serological evidence that bats in China are infected with Nipah virus and Ebola virus, and found and identified a large number of genetically diverse new viruses such as adenovirus and circovirus in bats, further confirming that bats are the natural hosts of many viruses. Before and after the Spring Festival in 2003, SARS spread from Guangdong Province to other provinces in China at an alarming rate, and there were many "super communicators" who spread SARS to dozens or even dozens of people. In March 2003,The University of Hong Kong and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have successively isolated a virus from SARS patients. Under the electron microscope, this virus looks like a crown of medieval European emperors. According to the morphological characteristics and genetic information, scientists believe that this new coronavirus is the pathogen of SARS, and it is a coronavirus that has never been found in humans. Later, researchers in China began to look for the source of the virus. They found that the earliest 11 cases had a history of contact with wild animals in Otawa. Following this clue, scientists first aimed at the Guangdong wildlife market, and soon separated and detected the virus exactly the same as SARS virus in the civets in the market. After this discovery was announced, Guangdong Province issued a ban in early 2004: completely killing civet cats in the wild animal market, banning wildlife trade and closing the wild animal market. However, Shi Zhengli and her team are not satisfied. For this new virus, we must find the source, that is, the "natural host"-an animal that carries a virus for a long time, but it does not get sick itself and can live in peace with the virus. Because the Hendra virus that broke out in Australia in the 1990s and the Nipah virus that broke out in Malaysia were later confirmed to be fruit bats, Shi Zhengli and her team focused their attention on bats. In 2004, the team collected fruit bats from Guangdong and Guangxi for the first time, and tested the genetic material in the laboratory. As a result, nothing was found after 8 months. Later,Antibodies to SARS virus were found in three species of bats in Guangxi and Hubei, and they followed suit, and coronavirus was detected in these three species of bats. In 2005, Shi Zhengli and her team published their research results in the journal Science. However, after careful comparison, it is found that there are still some differences between bat SARS-like coronavirus and SARS virus found in 2005, especially the most critical gene that determines the infectivity and pathogenicity of the virus is not the same. Later, they continued to search all over the country, whether in the south or the north, in the middle or in the west, whenever they heard that there were bats, they would go all over 28 provinces and cities in China, just like looking for a needle in a haystack. In 2011, Shi Zhengli and her team isolated and detected a highly homologous SARS-like coronavirus in a cave in Yunnan. Apart from the close evolutionary relationship, they are also very similar in function.

　　They monitored the cave for five years, sampling twice a year, and found more than ten different types of SARS-like coronavirus. Although no virus exactly the same as SARS virus was found, a natural gene pool of SARS virus was found.

　　After 13 years of tracking, they finally determined the bat origin of SARS virus. In January 2019, the project "Research on Bats Carrying Important Viruses in China" led by Shi Zhengli won the second prize of the National Natural Science Award in 2018. On January 29th, American Academy of Microbiology announced the list of Fellows of American Academy of Microbiology in 2019, and Shi Zhengli was elected. The American Academy of Microbiology is one of the subsidiaries of the American Society for Microbiology, the world’s largest and oldest member organization in the field of life sciences, and it is in the leading position in the international microbiology discipline. Among the scientists elected as Fellows, there are many Nobel Prize, Lasker Prize and national medal of science award Prize winners. Mysterious P4 Laboratory At the beginning of 2003, the spread of SARS in China virtually gave birth to the construction of the first P4 laboratory in China, and this important task fell on the shoulders of Wuhan virus, which is in an important transition period. In February 2003, Hu Zhihong, then director of Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, suddenly received a phone call from Chen Zhu, then vice president of Chinese Academy of Sciences, asking if he could undertake the task of building P4 laboratory in Wuhan. Hu Zhihong immediately said that he would go all out. Hu Zhihong immediately called the party and government leading bodies of the Institute to discuss, and decided that Yuan Zhiming, then deputy director, was responsible for the preparation of P4 laboratory. At the same time, he ordered Yuan Zhiming, a visiting scholar at the University of Illinois in the United States, to end his trip and immediately return to China to prepare for P4 laboratory construction. On March 25th, 2003, Wuhan Institute of Virology submitted to the Biological Bureau of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Report on "Request for Instructions on Establishing P3 and P4 Laboratories". P4 laboratory is based on the degree of harm and protection required to deal with pathogenic microorganisms in the world. In the world, biosafety laboratories are usually divided into four levels, with the first level of protection being the lowest and the fourth level of protection being the highest. In the highest-level biosafety laboratory, in addition to other general protective measures, positive pressure protective clothing, airtight doors, chemical showers, sewage treatment systems, air filtration systems, etc. are specially set up to avoid the threat of operated harmful biological factors through protective barriers and management measures. Due to the complexity of construction and maintenance and high technical requirements, China has no experience in building P4 laboratory and maintenance, and needs to seek international cooperation to carry out laboratory construction. From April 5 to 11, 2003, Yuan Zhiming went to France with Chen Zhu to seek cooperation in P4 laboratory construction and research on emerging diseases. After consultation with Ms. Haignere, French Minister of Research and New Technology, she reached a preliminary cooperation intention. Chen Zhu and Yuan Zhiming saw P4 laboratory for the first time in Lyon, and its glass shell was colorful at night. After visiting it, they found that the internal structure and technology were particularly complicated. The P4 laboratory in Lyon was designed and built by French company Meria and RTV. During the visit, Wang Shaoqi, then Minister Counselor of the Chinese Embassy in France, discussed the Sino-French cooperation with Chen Zhu and Yuan Zhiming. That night, Wang Shaoqi asked Yuan Zhiming to stay in the confidential room of the embassy, wrote an internal report of nearly ten thousand words and sent it back to China.The contents are as follows: The research of infectious diseases in France has been highly valued by the government, and the first level-4 biosafety laboratory in Europe has been established in Lyon, and the Pasteur Institute is also the earliest unit in the world to carry out SARS research. To carry out the research on emerging diseases, P3 and P4 laboratories with high biosafety level should be established first, so as to prevent infectious pathogens from being released into the environment, and at the same time provide researchers with high biosafety guarantee. Some P3 laboratories have been established in China to carry out some research on SARS pathogens, but the research on some more virulent infectious pathogens and possible new disease pathogens must be carried out in P4 laboratory with the highest security level. Therefore, the establishment of P4 laboratory will become an important technical platform and guarantee for China to carry out research in related fields. On January 28th, 2004, when president Hu Jintao visited France, he witnessed the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on Sino-French Cooperation on Preventing and Combating Emerging Infectious Diseases between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the French Republic: the establishment of a Sino-French emerging infectious disease group composed of representatives and experts from the competent French government departments; Support the development of Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, acquire the necessary equipment and technology for establishing a high-level biosafety laboratory, and provide relevant support and training. On November 26th, 2007, when French President Nicolas Sarkozy visited China, China and France signed a supplementary statement on the cooperation agreement on the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases, emphasizing "to ensure that all necessary measures are taken as soon as possible to implement all planned projects including Wuhan P4 laboratory".. In 2008, France delivered a laboratory drawing, and in 2009, Zhongyuan Design Institute of China provided the drawings designed by China. In the design process, we refer to the main concepts of Lyon laboratory design to ensure the highest degree of safety. On January 9, 2012, the key equipment of the core laboratory-airtight door and life support system arrived in Jiangxia Zhengdian Park and passed the acceptance test. On January 31st, 2015, Wuhan P4 Laboratory held a completion unveiling ceremony, which marked the completion of hardware construction and installation of major facilities and equipment.

　　The core area of Wuhan P4 laboratory is about 300 square meters, and it adopts the structure of "box in box". The interior of the laboratory is a negative pressure space, that is, the pressure inside is less than that outside, and air can only enter but not exit. The inside of this "big box" is divided into different areas by heavy metal doors, including cell laboratory, animal laboratory and animal autopsy room.

　　Academician Gao Fu, director of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said: The official operation of Wuhan P4 Laboratory marks that China’s research on pathogenic microorganisms and immunology has entered the international advanced ranks, showing that China’s national security is another "frigate", which is comparable to the strategic deployment of China’s "two bombs and one satellite" in China. previous chapter

　　The Truth Behind the "Squeezing Water" of Provincial Economic Data

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: See Finance. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

CCTV News:According to the data released by the National Energy Administration on May 17th, in April, the electricity consumption of the whole society was 741.2 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 7.0%.

Among them, the electricity consumption of the primary industry was 9.6 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 10.5%; The electricity consumption of the secondary industry was 517.1 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 6.2%; The electricity consumption of the tertiary industry was 127 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 10.8%; The domestic electricity consumption of urban and rural residents was 87.5 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase of 5.9%. 1— In April, the electricity consumption of the whole society totaled 3,077.2 billion kWh, up 9.0% year-on-year.

State Administration of Foreign Exchange: China’s cross-border capital flow is more balanced

According to the latest data from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, in April, banks settled 173.7 billion US dollars and sold 211.8 billion US dollars. In April, the bank’s foreign-related income on behalf of customers was US$ 592.1 billion, and foreign payments were US$ 630.3 billion.

General Administration of Market Supervision: Strengthening the Supply of Regional Collaborative Standards and Promoting Integrated Development

The relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Market Supervision introduced on May 17 that standards are an important bridge and link to promote interconnection, and have an important "soft connectivity" role in promoting regional coordinated development and building a unified national market. The General Administration of Market Supervision will incorporate the demand for regional collaborative standards into the construction of the national standard system and strengthen the supply of regional collaborative standards.

According to reports, the General Administration of Market Supervision issued the "Guidelines for the Standardization of Major Strategies in Serving Countries and Regions", which has promoted the establishment of standardization coordination mechanisms in five regions. Up to now, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has issued 86 local standards for regional coordination, involving transportation, ecological environment and other fields. The Yangtze River Delta has formulated 36 local standards for regional coordination in the fields of digital government and transportation. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area announced 183 "Bay Area Standards". The Shuangcheng Economic Circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area has issued nine regional collaborative local standards around the fields of smart transportation and big data application.

Liu Chengyang, deputy director of the Standard Innovation Management Department of the State Administration of Markets, said: "Promoting the construction of regional coordination standards is conducive to breaking administrative barriers, supporting policy coordination, and promoting regional integration to a deeper level."

Ministry of Transport: Transportation work has basically achieved "standards to follow"

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Transport introduced on May 17th that since the "14th Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Transport has continuously strengthened the top-level design of standards, actively created a standard system suitable for accelerating the construction of a transportation power, and basically achieved "standards to follow" in all work.

According to statistics, by the end of 2023, there were 908 effective national standards, 3,145 industry standards and 2,405 local standards in transportation, which basically achieved "standards to follow" and laid a solid standard foundation for accelerating the construction of a transportation power.

In terms of supporting the construction of comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network, a series of comprehensive transportation standards have been formulated and issued, which have supported the construction of 25 hub cities and more than 300 freight hub projects nationwide, and promoted the long-distance transportation of bulk goods and containers, as well as the development of iron-water combined transport and river-sea combined transport. In addition, the construction of the standard system has played an important role in promoting the upgrading of transportation equipment, helping the development of smart transportation and building the bottom line of traffic safety.

Xu Wenqiang, director of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Transport, said: "The series of mandatory standards for road traffic signs and markings have been applied to highways and urban roads for more than 5.35 million kilometers, and passed the ‘ Traffic language ’ The standardization of setting guides and regulates road users to use roads in an orderly manner, which improves the overall operating efficiency of the road network and ensures public safety and orderly travel. "

Civil Aviation Administration of China: Promoting the further resumption of international passenger flights

At the press conference held on May 17th, the Civil Aviation Administration of China stated that it would continue to focus on increasing the number of international passenger flights this year and make every effort to further resume international passenger flights.

According to the data of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, from May 6 to May 12, the Chinese and foreign aviation companies carried out a total of 5,493 scheduled international passenger flights (each round-trip flight is counted as one flight), recovering to about 73.1% in 2019, and passenger flights were opened to 70 countries.

Air China has opened to Beijing, Cuba since May 17th — Madrid — Havana route, twice a week; HNA plans to open to Shenzhen, Hungary from June 21st — Budapest route, twice a week; China Southern Airlines plans to open to Guangzhou, Hungary from June 27th — Budapest route, 4 times a week.

Qing Xu, deputy director of the Transportation Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, said that the Civil Aviation Administration will continue to do a good job in the examination, approval and guarantee of flights on international routes, coordinate and solve the problems and difficulties encountered by airlines in the process of resuming international flights in a timely manner, and enhance the accessibility and convenience of international air transport.

The control of persistent organic pollutants in China has achieved remarkable results.

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the international entry into force of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. On May 17th, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued "Control of Persistent Organic Pollutants in China (2004— 2024), which fully demonstrated the achievements and experience of China in the past 20 years.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment said that through unremitting efforts, China has embarked on a road of persistent organic pollutants control that conforms to China’s national conditions and achieved remarkable results. 29 kinds of persistent organic pollutants were successfully eliminated, and hundreds of thousands of tons of persistent organic pollutants and environmental emissions were avoided every year. Complete the two convention objectives of 100% off-line of PCB-containing power equipment in use and 100% environmentally sound disposal of waste PCB-containing power equipment ahead of schedule. With the output or disposal of dioxin-related industries increasing significantly, the emission intensity of dioxin in flue gas of key industries decreased significantly, and the total amount of dioxin discharged into the atmosphere gradually decreased after reaching its peak in 2012, and the concentration of dioxin in the atmospheric environment showed a corresponding downward trend.

Chongqing beer and skittles WeChat official account news, what is a fly restaurant? Is it an edible fly?

No! No! No! Fly restaurant is a general term for all small restaurants in Chongqing.These restaurants are small in size and simple in facilities.　Sanitary conditions are not very good.But they haveMysterious attraction and special tasteMake people want to stop.

In Chongqing, any place called food street is absolutely indispensable to a fly restaurant.

For Chongqing people, I haven’t eaten a few ugly or even "messy" fly restaurants hidden in small streets and corners, and I am embarrassed to say that I am a qualified foodie!

Several characteristics of fly restaurant

1.　Fly restaurants are all over the streets, dense, like mosquitoes and flies scattered in the urban area..

A fly restaurant full of fireworksAlmost pervasive into the lives of Chongqing people..

Even near the bustling business districts, there will be several fly restaurants, which always attract Chongqing foodies.

2.　Most of the shops in the fly restaurant are humble, and some are even more shabby.. You may have to take care of the sanitary conditions, and occasionally there are really one or two flies flying around.

It’s filthy, and it’s okay to eat it.The overbearing smell is always the reason why people flock to it.

There are too many delicious mouths in Chongqing, no matter how hidden the fly restaurant is, it can be like the "nose" of flies.Find those small shops deep in the alley with a keen sense of smell..

It is even said that most delicious dogs in Chongqing take it as fun to discover unique fly restaurants.

The delicious fly restaurant is very lively, people are talking and laughing, buzzing like flies, and the noise is endless.

The fly restaurant not only contains the delicious food in Chongqing, but also contains the truth of sincere human communication and life..

No matter what class you are, it won’t seem against you to enter the fly restaurant.. Both the boss driving an Audi BMW and the ordinary office worker riding a battery car can enjoy the most authentic Chongqing flavor in the low and dilapidated "semi-dangerous house".

Huangjie hotpot

The location of the old Chongqing hot pot is really off-center, and it is also quite "corner", but it still attracts countless diners to punch in, and there are long queues every day, 365 days a year.

You can directly call the driver to the door of the store by taking a taxi, but pay attention! Be sure to go early. It is common to start queuing at 4: 30. The special dishes, beef with pickled peppers and tender meat slices, are tender and refreshing after being cooked. The weight of each dish is not much, so you must like more!　

Per capita: 74 yuan

Address:163-1, Huangni Village, Wulidian Street/No.20, Rongjing Reach

(The two stores are not far away, so don’t miss them.)

Laoyuanzi pork intestines chicken

One of the hottest fly restaurants in Chongqing, at about 5 pm, the downstairs of the old yard was occupied by their small tables. Not only that, but there were also endless queues in the store.

However, its fat sausage chicken is really delicious: the marinated fat sausage is not rotten, and the more chewy it is, the more fragrant it is; Chicken is tender and slippery, and when you eat it in your mouth, it will automatically separate as soon as you sip it. It’s just that I heard that the price of fat sausage chicken has increased recently. The small pot is the price of the previous medium pot, and the medium pot is the price of the previous large pot. Qingmei is still a little sad after listening to it ~

Per capita: 54 yuan

Address: Xiaoyuan Community, Xiaoyuan Road, Jiangbei District (60 meters east of Chunhuiyuan Community Dry Cleaning Center)

Opposite the customs

In Chongqing, where there are many faces everywhere, the customs has always been quite satisfactory. It has been more than ten years since it started, but it has always been hidden in the vicinity of Guanyin Bridge.

Dry-distilled peas, dried noodles, beef noodles, Zhajiang Noodles, you can find everything you want here. Compared with ordinary Chongqing noodles, the taste is a little spicy. If you can’t eat spicy food, remember to ask your boss to put less sea pepper, or you can match a bowl of peach blossom soup. It’s still very good to relieve spicy food.　

Per capita: 15 yuan

Address: No.11, 41 Jianxin North Road, Jiangbei District

Dafo restaurant

Giant Buddha Restaurant, a Jianghu restaurant, has been open for more than 20 years, a veritable time-honored brand! Here, you don’t have to pay much attention to it. See the wall for the menu. Write your own menu and sit down.

The restaurant is run by a couple, one is responsible for cooking and the other is responsible for serving dishes and passing numbers. It is simple and simple, but here it is inexplicable.　

Per capita: 41 yuan

Address: at the foot of the Big Buddha Temple, Nanbin Road, Nan ‘an District

Datong ln wuming tofu pudding

When you don’t know what to eat, a bowl of tofu pudding rice can definitely solve all your problems. Even Bai Baihe put this store in Weibo when he filmed Passing Through Your World.

Tofu pudding is freshly ground every morning. It tastes delicate and melts in the mouth. A bowl of tofu pudding, a bowl of rice and a plate of dipping sauce can taste authentic Chongqing flavor at the civilian price in 8 yuan.　

Per capita: 25 yuan

Address: No.11 Datong Lane, Datong Road, Jie Fangbei

Yaoyao chicken

Like most great flies restaurants in Chongqing, its home looks shabby and unremarkable, but the things it makes are absolutely amazing! The store is not big, so you have to make a reservation in advance if you want to eat. There are a few onion segments floating on the thick red oil, and a spoon is scooped. The chicken in the big bowl is soft and glutinous, but it is not rotten and soft, and it is not stuffed with teeth. It is served with the store’s secret mustard tuber and dipped in a red oil dish. It is spicy and delicious.　

Per capita: 65 yuan

Address: No.87, Shengli Village, Tuwan

Wuming dish

Hanging nameless brand, the reputation is quite prominent. Braised pork intestines, minced garlic and white meat, and Maoxuewang are the must-have items in their home.

The traditional home-cooked taste, the weight of the food is also very sufficient, and the price is very cost-effective. The meat dishes are all around 20 or 30, and the per capita is about 30 pieces.　

Per capita: 32 yuan

Address: No.2, Zhongshan Third Road New Village (behind Hilton Hotel at Lianglukou)

Laodifang pettitoes soup

It is said that this store was opened in jiangbei town 33 years ago, and later moved to Longshan Road because of relocation. The shop opened by two old couples has a small storefront and few locations, and it is closed on weekends. The main course is hoof flower soup.

The hoof flower is stewed soft and rotten, easily capturing the stomach of the delicious mouth, and the chopsticks are rotten when they are sandwiched with meat, and they taste quite satisfactory. But to be honest, a 40-pound hoof flower is definitely expensive.　

Per capita: 47 yuan

Address: No.108 Songshi Branch Road, Attached to No.5 (near Longshan Middle School Bus Station)

Yuzhong hujia noodles

There is only a noodle restaurant with the size of Tintin ‘er in the storefront. Using the space at the entrance of the building and the cooperation of high and low benches, the classic Chongqing-style eating method is that one person is a table.

Zhajiang Noodles’s signature wide noodles are delicious with meat stuffing. The noodles are very strong and not too chewy. The spicy, delicious and fragrant noodles can all taste their own levels.　

Per capita: 12 yuan

Address: No.223 Renmin Road, Shangqing Temple

There are so many delicious flies in the restaurant, so hurry up and invite three or five friends to eat together!

Original title: Going to Chongqing to eat several fly restaurants is the original taste of Chongqing hidden in the streets.

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　　CCTV News:All the way to the west, I have witnessed the truest poverty and prosperity here, and I have also buried the deepest feelings and dreams.

　　South Xinjiang, south of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang. The unique customs of the western regions have cast a mysterious veil on this place. Walking on the streets of Kashgar, countless deep Gu Xiang stretches in the corners of the city, and exotic buildings are collided with high saturation colors, outlining the diversity and blending of national cultures. Tankeng, musical instrument shop, gold and silver shop … … Witnessing the thousand-year history of this land, children’s play and the strong smell of food inject boiling and freshness into it.

　　Located in Pamirs, it has been bearing the generous gift of sunshine since ancient times. Southern Xinjiang was once an important commercial port on the ancient Silk Road, but it also struggled in poverty. Due to poor natural conditions and backward infrastructure, the "four prefectures" here once belonged to deep poverty-stricken areas in the country.

　　Nowadays, in the construction of aiding Xinjiang from generation to generation, Kashgar, Kezhou and other places have already taken off their poor hats and made a big step forward. There are indelible sadness and hard work behind this, as well as enthusiasm and determination to move forward wholeheartedly.

　　Vakvak, the light is on.

　　In the early morning of March 23, 2019, Xi Kewei refused to see his family off, carrying his luggage alone and boarding a flight to Kashgar, ready to start his work in the village. On that day, all he could think about was He Jingzhi’s Window of the Westbound Train.

　　The first night I arrived in Vakvak Village, it was getting late. In the middle of the night, Xi Kewei was awakened by a chat. Reached out and turned on the light, but it didn’t work. When I opened the door, I saw the village cadres on duty in the corridor. It turned out to be a power failure.

The kitchen of a villager’s house in Vakvak village before poverty alleviation.

　　Here, villagers are used to power outages.

　　Back in the house, he lit a candle and called the secretary of the village branch to learn more about the situation. The village has no financial power, and the village finances the township. The daily office expenses have to wait for the township government to allocate, and the township government’s expenses are also stretched. Power cuts and water cuts are common, and every accounting charging fee can only be charged to 50 yuan.

　　At the beginning of his stay in the village, Xi Kewei lit candles for a month and paid the electricity bill for the village Committee for three months with his own money.

　　Vakvak Village is located in the southwest of Xinjiang, at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain and the western edge of Tarim Basin. It is rich in sunshine resources, with an annual sunshine duration of 2,500-3,000 hours.

On the roof of Vakvak Village Committee, photovoltaic power generation has brought light and hope to the villagers.

　　In order to make full use of the local sunshine resources, Xi Kewei, who was born in the power industry, quickly started to declare the implementation of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects. With the assistance of Huadian, 196 photovoltaic modules were laid on the roof of the village Committee. The project was put into use in August 2019. In less than one year, these photovoltaic panels not only met the living electricity consumption of the surrounding residents, but also brought the first income-generating funds to the village collective through the way of surfing the Internet with surplus electricity.

The family of Zilaihan Mi Jiti, a villager, took a group photo in front of the new house.

After the villagers moved into the anjufang, the kitchen was equipped with a gas stove.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once described the general requirements of the rural revitalization strategy: industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance and affluent life.

　　Build an ecologically livable village, Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.

　　Over the past two years, the fully automatic cold pressed brick production line has produced the first environmentally friendly brick in Vakvak Village, completely eliminating the backward production mode of brick factory. After the ecological restoration of the 300-mu brick kiln wasteland, it is now full of fruit trees, and its branches are full of fruitful results.

The beautiful village of Vakvak has already taken on a new look.

　　"The Boguzi River, which originated in the Pamirs, rushed out of the Bozitage Mountain and became a fan-shaped alluvial plain, and Vakvak Village was an oasis by the river." This is an introduction that Xi Kewei came up with to promote the development of rural eco-leisure tourism.

　　Due to the regional environment, Vakvak Village belongs to saline-alkali land, and the fluoride and hardness in tap water are seriously exceeding the standard. In the village, the advantages of power plant water treatment specialty were brought into play, and direct drinking water devices were tailored for primary schools and kindergartens in Vakvak Village, which effectively filtered out all kinds of impurities, bacteria, microorganisms and other harmful substances, and allowed children to drink clean water and safe water.

Vakvak Village Primary School, children are attending physical education class.

　　In the frontier of the motherland, it has become history that "one side of the soil and water can not support one side".

　　On February 25th, 2021, China solemnly declared to the world that China had won an all-round victory in the fight against poverty, and the problem of absolute poverty that had plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years had been solved historically. The change of Vakvak Village is a vivid footnote in this great history. There are too many such stories in southern Xinjiang.

　　Going online into the clouds, cattle and sheep "walk out" of Pamir.

　　Bayin Kuruti Village, Wuqia County, Kezhou, Xinjiang, is located on an economic artery leading to foreign countries next to National Highway 315 in Pamirs Plateau.

　　12 kilometers is the farthest distance between the pastoral area and the village Committee; 23 kilometers is the distance between the village Committee and the Topa port; 3500-4500 meters, which is the altitude of grassland; There are 208 households with 717 people, which used to be the number of poor households in the village. At that time, there were only 353 households with 1,230 people in the village.

　　In December 2018, 48-year-old Tan Xuan was selected here as the first secretary.

　　Bayin Kuruti village is an animal husbandry village. The grassland is located in a high altitude and cold area with harsh natural conditions. The villagers mainly graze cattle and sheep, and their income level is low. However, cattle and sheep raised in the traditional way are of good quality and few in quantity.

Overlooking Bayin Kuruti village from the mountain.

　　Tan Xuan still remembers eating boiled mutton for the first time. "Boiled in white water, only with salt, without any seasoning, it is very delicious to tear it with your hands." At that time, the idea of "building a brand of Pamirs sheep" came into his mind.

　　Just do it. If there is no transportation channel, look for logistics cooperation; When there was no market, it was promoted to relatives, friends and colleagues through WeChat circle of friends. This post-70s engineering male also tried to shoot a vibrato video and live broadcast with goods.

　　Under the leadership of Tan Xuan, the operation mode of "internet plus Cooperative+Herdsmen" has been gradually established in the village, forming a supply and sales chain integrating online order taking, cooperative supply, intensive processing of slaughterhouses and villagers’ dividends. In the past two years, Kirgiz beef and mutton have sold more than 20 million yuan to more than 20 provinces and cities across the country, and registered its own brand — — "Green Ridge Shepherd".

At that time, Tan Xuan, the first secretary of Bayin Kuruti Village, carried the goods live.

　　In 2019, with the assistance of Huadian, the photovoltaic power station began to operate in Bayin Kuruti village and was successfully connected to the grid, bringing a stable income of 700,000 yuan to the village collective every year.

　　The villagers in Bayin Kuruti village said: "In the past, when we were herding sheep, we lived in a felt house, and life was hard. In the sixties and seventies, we could only use camels for grazing. Now that I have moved to a new house, I can watch TV with water and electricity. "

　　In the fields, the little days of "planting"

　　The lives of ordinary people are always about food, clothing, housing and transportation.

　　Poverty alleviation laid the foundation for rural revitalization, and also stimulated the endogenous motivation of people in poverty-stricken areas to get rid of poverty and become rich.

　　In July 2019, the night market in the village of Arik, Kashidun opened in the cheerful sound of dongbula. The smell of barbecue, mutton offal, yogurt and cold rice noodles came from the nose, and people were buzzing and very lively. The night market is open in front of the house, doing some small business every day, and the villager Mohammad Ming Rouzi is so happy that he keeps smiling.

In the courtyard of a villager in Dun ‘airike village, the vines that grow with the trend are full of vitality.

　　Compared with two years ago, today’s Dunairike village has undergone earth-shaking changes.

　　"Before, there was no kitchen, and a shed was built against the wall. The stove built by laying bricks or stones had no flue, and the whole wall was dark, and firewood was scattered all over the yard. It’s different now. The living, planting and breeding areas are separated, and the life is comfortable and the mood is good. " Mohammad Ming Rouzi’s wife said.

　　Nowadays, walking in Dun ‘airike village, you can see neat anjufang everywhere. The characteristic courtyard economy of "one grape, one border vegetable field and one orchard" is impressive. The old way of life has long been history in the modern civilization of "sitting with a stool, sleeping with a bed, learning to eat with tables and chairs".

　　In 2020, 1,174 poverty-stricken households in Dunairike Village were all lifted out of poverty, with a per capita net income of 12,035 yuan.

In the home of a villager in Dunairike village, the drawing board on the bedside wall is an electric heating board, which can be used as decoration every day and can be heated to keep out the cold in winter.

　　"Jujube+Pomegranate+Vegetable Intercropping" planted the villagers’ dream of getting rich in the fields, which not only met the villagers’ daily demand for vegetables and fruits, but also was one of the important sources of their income. The mode of "enterprise+rural workshop+industrial workers" has solved the employment problem of 70 villagers and effectively utilized the labor force. Dunairike village also relies on local leading enterprises to support villagers to breed pigeons, and the cooperative industry is growing day by day.

　　In the past, a family of five villagers, Mulamu Wupur, had a monthly income of only 1000 yuan. With the help of Chloe Wang, the first secretary of the village, and the paired cadres, Mulamu Wupur found an ideal job in Kashgar Thermal Power Company, while his wife worked in the industrial park. Now their annual income can reach more than 40,000 yuan.

Women in Dun ‘airike Village are employed at their doorsteps, and can receive a monthly salary of not less than 1,800 yuan.

　　On the opening day of the night market, Chloe Wang received a bouquet of flowers specially sent by the Uighur aunt. He said that this was the first time he had received flowers in his life.

　　Everything goes without saying.

　　Eliminating poverty has been the common ideal of mankind since ancient times. In the recorded history, the development of human society has been confined to poverty and its series of problems such as hunger, disease and social conflicts. As the largest developing country, China’s poverty alleviation has an unprecedented scale, the greatest strength and the largest population, which has created a great miracle in the history of human poverty reduction.

　　From poverty alleviation to rural revitalization, the lives of ordinary people have once again stood at a new starting point.

　　In March 2021, after two years in the village, Xi Kewei applied to stay in the village. He told reporters that in the past two years, three comrades in the task force have successively written applications for joining the Party. "They said that they will really realize what communist party is when they retire soon.". (Reporter/Proofread by Sun Xiaoyuan/Song Chunyan)