Social cow disease, what’s so good about it? Original Xiaobei Peking University Publishing House is included in the topic # Social phobia, 1# Internet neologism, 1# Hot Spots, 16.

Recently, many people want to get a "disease"-social arrogance.

What do you mean by "social arrogance"?

Literally, it is not difficult to understand: contrary to "social phobia", I am not timid in social aspects.

Whether you are a semi-acquaintance who has only met a few times or a stranger who has never met before, you can talk with confidence and Kan Kan, and never care about other people’s eyes and ridicule.

For social terrorists who are embarrassed and nervous when they get close to people, they are really envious.

The origin of the disease is beyond examination, but on various social and video platforms, there are legends that patients are getting wild.

"Social cow disease" has become

A hot topic that has been played more than 1.4 billion times on Tik Tok.

It has been found that parents and elders are high-risk groups of social arrogance.

Some like to sing loudly in the park intoxicated, and some can talk to anyone, so there is no one they don’t know well.

Some people have concluded that those who can eat the star bowl of rice have the genes of some social experts.

Sa Beining became the deputy director of the school radio station by "cheeky" self-recommendation; Lareina is an ordinary ice-breaking and hot-field expert; Child star Hu Xianxu has been "popular" since childhood ▼

Not only stars, but also their hospitable cats and dogs, human cubs who are bold and curious about the world, and even the edited Harry Potter have become proud symptom owners ▼

Bilibili praised the video of "Harry Potter’s social arrogance"

By next bam bam jun

There are also some people who boldly let go of themselves and have no psychological burden. Shouting in public, dancing passionately in public … all kinds of "out of line" behaviors are completely out of the question.

The eyes of the crowd are their stimulants.

Some of these behaviors are exaggerated shows, which earn attention and traffic through "wonderful people"; But behind the netizens’ hot discussion about the disease, there is a deeper psychological appeal.

The first one is the desire to "be brave to be yourself".

I believe that many students were educated as children to be "sensible children" and think for others; Actively capture other people’s emotional thoughts, so as to give an appropriate and decent response.

This can easily lead to the situation that in social interaction, people care too much about what others think of them and put their feelings above their own. At the extreme, it will become a "please-type personality":

Don’t dare to refuse the rude request of others; Excessive criticism from others, accept all the orders; I’m wrong and I can, but the word "no" is hard to say.

Compared with living in harsh self-examination all the time, "social arrogance" is very attractive because it ignores the freedom and "licentiousness" of others’ eyes.

People with flattering personality are usually people who are not confident enough. They are afraid that their "true self" is not good enough to be liked, so they are afraid of embarrassment, refutation and rejection.

This kind of "fear" makes them live in a cocoon house built by many "dare not" in public: they dare not attract the attention of others in a high-profile way, dare not recognize and affirm themselves, and even dare not express their thoughts, joys and sorrows in public.

One of the symptoms of social awesome:

Regardless of the eyes of others, boldly let go of your feelings.

This is also why with the growth of age and experience, some people have changed from "social fear" with trepidation to social experts who dare to speak out-

On the one hand, it is the self-confidence brought by the accumulation of social skills and work ability; On the other hand, it is gradually recognized that "other people’s opinions" in social communication are actually not that important; Sometimes it is even fictional and imaginary, and it is the rules and regulations we impose on our words and deeds.

When you watch the video of "social madness", you feel that "it’s so cool not to care about others", you may want to reflect:

How long has it been since you took good care of your needs and made allowance for your feelings?

In addition to hoping to "be brave and shine with confidence", Xiaobei thinks that "social arrogance" is also popular because it represents a kind of high emotional intelligence social skills to some extent.

It’s too difficult to be a man!

However, this society with high speed and information explosion always seems to give more favor and preference to children with high emotional intelligence and ability to be human.

In the workplace, under the same basic conditions, most employees who know how to show their abilities and achievements "mix" better;

In school, it is often the active and cheerful children who are more liked by teachers and classmates. Wherever they go, they are C-places with their own aura and prosperity;

Even in leisure activities, people who can socialize can often make friends or even "take off the bill" as soon as possible …

A netizen in the Douban group posted about his "social cow disease", which aroused everyone’s envy:

See "Douban Goose Group" in the original post.

The comment "How did this disease get infected" received more than 10,000 praises.

The landlord’s powerful examples include:

Get acquainted with colleagues within one week every time you enter a new unit; It is recognized as the "warm field king"; Naturally praise the leadership without affectation and actively report to the leadership; I quickly mingle with people from all walks of life … I get the most evaluation that my emotional intelligence is super high and exquisite.

Interestingly, at the end of the article, the landlord said that he was actually a contradiction:

In fact, my true personality is inferior and introverted.

The comment area has learned a lot: awesome, but how to overcome the inner introversion and inferiority? Others asked: Is this "soaring acting"?

This statement is actually traceable.

Erving goffman, an American sociologist, put forward a famous theory of "parody".

In the theoretical masterpiece "Self-Presentation in Daily Life", he compared society to a theater, compared social members of different genders, classes and occupations (that is, you and me) to actors who play different roles in society, and compared interpersonal communication to acting.

For example, a good boss should be strong and charming, a qualified friend should be patient and enthusiastic, a decent middle class should be proficient in using steak knives and forks, and a female star on TV should be glamorous …

In the social operation, everyone is playing his "role" conscientiously.

Why do we need to "perform"?

Gofman put forward a concept: impression management.

In the process of interaction, people will always consciously or unconsciously "show" themselves to each other, thus shaping others’ impressions of themselves.

When a person appears in front of others, they usually want to know about this person or call up all kinds of information they have about this person.

They will be interested in his general socio-economic status, his self-concept, his attitude towards them, his ability and his trustworthiness.

This is due to some practical reasons: obtaining the information of an individual helps to define the situation, so that others can know in advance what the individual expects of them, and what they may expect of the individual, so as to make appropriate responses.

In the words of Gustav Ichheiser:

An individual will have to take action to expresses himself intentionally or unintentionally, and in turn, others will have to accept the impressed he has made in some way.

In this sense, people who are good at socializing are also good at "performing".

They can convey all kinds of symbols and information through appropriate and accurate words, actions and even expressions in interpersonal communication, so as to guide and even shape others to have a specific impression on themselves.

People who are not very sociable, or lack such awareness, or are ashamed to express themselves, or are not good at adjusting their performances according to different scenes, environments and audiences.

But it is worth noting that people are not actors in the true sense, and they are not always acting. In reality, performances are always performed intentionally or unintentionally, not completely false, disguised and deceptive.

Just like Sa Beining, the representative of "social arrogance" cited by everyone, he dares to laugh at himself, is not afraid to make exaggerated expressions and performances in his interactions with people, is good at taking over stalks, and never lets words fall to the ground; This is absolutely inseparable from deliberate impression management and shaping of people.

But behind his super ability of reaction, logic and language expression, his personality, knowledge and insight-that is, "acting" the real part.

This is why the audience still likes the cuteness and sincerity in his personality.

Gofman also put forward a pair of interesting concepts in Self-Presentation in Daily Life: "foreground" and "backstage".

The front desk is "standard expressive equipment that individuals use intentionally or unintentionally during the performance"; Personal front desk refers to the appearance and behavior of the role played by the individual. The former is used to inform people of the social identity of the performer at this time, while the latter enables others to predict what role the performer will play in the situation.

The backstage is the area after the performer’s "performance", which is separated from the performance stage. It is a place that the audience can’t enter and see, and it is also a place where individuals can relax and rest.

Gofman believes that there is no clear boundary between the foreground and the background, and they are transformed according to the change of the situation faced by the performers.

The distinction between front and back actually explains why many people are introverted, reserved and inarticulate in front of strangers; In front of acquaintances, they will immediately become cheerful, enthusiastic and "lawless."

Whether it is a person’s state or being with close friends and acquaintances, it is our "backstage comfort zone", where we can occasionally put down our burdens, focus on our goals and relax ourselves.

Finally, Xiao Bei thinks that, except for the grandstanding, the qualities of courage, cleverness and humor in "social arrogance" play a positive role in interpersonal communication.

But what can make interpersonal relationships last for a long time must be proper limit and comfort. And the two must be based on mutual understanding and care.

On the one hand, we might as well accept ourselves boldly and try to show ourselves skillfully; On the other hand, loyalty to self is always a precious virtue. After all, life is like a play, and the greatest weapon for an actor who laughs last on stage is sincerity.

-End-

Author: Yan Shu

Viewpoint reference: Self-presentation in Daily Life

[America] Irving gofman, translated by Feng Gang.

Reprint and cooperation, please send email:

scb01@pup.cn

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Classical works in the field of sociology understand our world from another angle. Know some social psychology and enjoy modern life!

　

Original title: "Social cow disease, is there a good cow? 》

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Yesterday, Shanghai Petrochemical boarded the hot search, not because of the anniversary, but because of the explosion and fire.

At 4: 28 on June 18th, the Chemical Department of Shanghai Petrochemical Company caught fire, and the fireball went straight into the sky, with explosions in many places. The live video shows that after the fire broke out, the flame spread and the whole factory area was covered with black smoke.

At that time, it was two or three kilometers away from the explosion point. An eyewitness said, "I thought it was thundering at first, and the sky behind it was red." According to its introduction, the explosion was more than one area. "Three explosions, two loud."

Weibo, the official of Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co., Ltd., immediately responded that a fire broke out in the ethylene glycol plant area of the Ministry of Chemical Industry of Shanghai Petrochemical at around 4:00 on June 18th, and the company immediately launched the first-level plan, which is currently under emergency treatment.

At 10: 30 am yesterday, the latest news of "Shanghai Petrochemical Online" in Weibo, after preliminary verification, at present, an employee of Shanghai Petrochemical was slightly bruised on the arm and a driver of a third-party transport vehicle died. The specific reasons are under further investigation.

After the fire broke out, Shanghai 119 Command Center quickly dispatched rescue forces such as Jinshan, Fengxian and Chemical Industry Zone to the scene to fight the fire. Relevant personnel of the fire rescue detachment of Shanghai Chemical Industry Park said that as of 9: 00 on the 18th, the fire was basically controlled, but it was difficult to dispose of, and it is expected that it may still burn protectively for some time.

The area where the fire broke out was an ethylene glycol plant. Ethylene glycol is an important chemical raw material, and its production process is mainly the hydration of ethylene oxide, which is extremely flammable and explosive, so relevant safety rules will be formulated during production, transportation and storage.

And "protective combustion" is a kind of treatment method made by firefighters and rescuers according to the disaster caused by flammable and explosive substances such as ethylene glycol, which is also the usual treatment method for fires in large chemical refining units. The residual materials can be burned out in a controlled way, and then the next rescue work can be carried out. On the one hand, it can reduce the excessive cost of forced fire fighting, and on the other hand, it can prevent more serious secondary explosion.

It is reported that after the fire broke out, Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical launched an environmental emergency plan at the same time, and continuously monitored the environment at the company’s factory boundary and external areas, and the monitoring of volatile organic compounds was normal. Arrangements have been made to strengthen the sampling and monitoring of rainwater outlets, and no impact has been found on the surrounding water environment.

Just the day before the accident, Shanghai Petrochemical just held the 50th anniversary celebration meeting. At the celebration meeting, the company put forward the goal and prospect of carrying forward the fine tradition of petroleum and petrochemical industry and the "Jinshan spirit" and striding forward towards the goal of building a "domestic leading and world-class" energy, chemical and new materials company. However, a big fire plunged Shanghai Petrochemical into the whirlpool of public opinion.

Shanghai Petrochemical Complex was built on June 18th, 1972. But a shocking fire and explosion happened on the same day 50 years later. Time coincidence aside, the decline in investment in safety may be one of the main causes of the explosion.

According to the social responsibility report disclosed by Shanghai Petrochemical, from 2019 to 2021, the company’s investment in production safety was 234.78 million yuan, 284.72 million yuan and 112.37 million yuan respectively, which was 60% lower than that in 2021. During the seven years from 2015 to 2021, the company’s major fire and explosion accidents and major liability accidents were all zero.

In addition, Shanghai Petrochemical Company just carried out overhaul and reconstruction in May. According to its WeChat official account information, in May, in order to ensure the stable and orderly epidemic prevention of the resident and personnel of the construction unit during the overhaul, the company set up four temporary overhaul contractors in the polyester east area, the polyester west area, the western area of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Water Affairs and the ethylene glycol area of the Ministry of Chemical Industry.

There have been two explosion accidents in petroleum and petrochemical plants this year. The last explosion accident occurred in Qilu Petrochemical Company on April 24th, 2022. In less than two months, accidents occurred in petrochemical enterprises one after another. As a high-risk and explosive industry, it is particularly important for petroleum and petrochemical related enterprises to do a good job in safety prevention.

Original title: "Shanghai Petrochemical suddenly exploded, causing 1 death and 1 injury"

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Special feature of 1905 film network "Look ahead, don’t look back!"

At the end of the recent hit TV series, Wang Xiang shouted this sentence to his young self. The story is based on the laid-off tide of workers in state-owned enterprises in Northeast China in 1997 and 1998, and traces an unsolved case of dismemberment.

To some extent, the core of The Long Season is not to seek the truth, but the end of the northeast state-owned factory "Hua Gang", which is people’s inner self-salvation under the reform of state-owned enterprises.

Elegy of the Times: Frequent Literary Works in Northeast Industry

The first furnace of molten steel, the first car and the first jet plane & HELIP; … As the "eldest son of the Republic", Northeast China has strongly supported the national construction, is the birthplace of heavy industry in New China, and is also the source of pride and pride in the hearts of every Northeast person.

However, once brilliant, it suffered from the pain of economic system reform. Since the 1990s, the manufacturing industry in Northeast China has been laid off, and millions of workers in state-owned enterprises have lost their jobs.

The "wave of laid-off state-owned enterprises in Northeast China", like a sealed memory, is also regarded as a fertile land for literature and art.

From the film Tiexi District to the song Mohe Ballroom, stories related to the end of Northeast industry appear more and more frequently in literary and artistic works. Are they aftertaste, helplessness or regret?

At 15:56 on May 31, the film channel broadcast focused on this period. After the state-owned enterprise was restructured, the film vividly portrayed the dilemma and stubbornness of laid-off workers.

The film star starred in the film for zero pay and generously became the "producer", because it refused the invitation of "Hidden". He said that even if it could not be released after filming, he would keep the collection because the film sang the elegy of the times.

Industry and Romance Hard-core Workers Create "Steel Piano"

In the early 1990s, in a heavy industrial city in Northeast China, Chen Guilin (Wang Qianyuan), a former steel mill worker, was laid off and formed a band with his girlfriend Shu Xian (Amanda) and other workers to make ends meet.

Chen Guilin’s wife, Xiao Ju, returned home after leaving home, not only to divorce him, but also to fight for the custody of her daughter Xiaoyuan. Xiaoyuan bluntly said that whoever bought her a piano would follow her.

After making a "paper piano" — Borrow money to buy a piano — After stealing the piano in a group, Chen Guilin came up with the idea of making a piano.

What’s more exciting is that laid-off workers are willing to help. They all have their own strengths, as if they had returned to those years in the factory, immersed in the tacit understanding that they had worked hard together, and realized the unspeakable sense of accomplishment.

Chen Guilin knows that the completion of the steel piano is not only to retain the daughter, but also to prove their value and dignity.

With the joint efforts of everyone, the piano was completed. Xiaoyuan sat in front of the piano and began to play, and an era ended in the melodious sound of the piano.

The piano is heavy and rough, and under the rough industrial metal texture, every note played is not very accurate, but it can still flow with warmth and harmony.

This is the hardness and softness of laid-off workers in that era, and it is also a kind of romance beyond material things.

Narration and Composition: Formation of the Concept of "Homestate Isomorphism"

The film sets two narrative clues, the main line is to complete the piano and leave the daughter, and the secondary line is the fate of two chimneys.　

At the beginning of the film, the chimney of the cooling tower is erected above the mourning hall. The traditional industry symbolized by chimneys used to feed the mother in Northeast China, but now it’s time for this mother to die.

After several attempts, it was finally the day when the chimney was going to be blown up. With the explosion, two big chimneys collapsed, and the images of onlookers disappeared in the rising smoke, thus turning the youth of workers into the past.

When the chimney fell, Chen Guilin’s father died, and the workmates wore black armbands to pay homage not only to his father, but also to the passing of an era when the piano was finished.

The film reflects the shock of the whole northeast society in the economic system reform with the plight of a single family.

In detail, this classic wide-angle lens is also commendable. Under the symmetrical composition, there are obvious differences between the streetscapes on the two sides: on the side of Chen Guilin, the roof is broken and the residue is everywhere, while on the side of Xiao Ju, there are neat roads and houses, and the environment explains the difference of their living conditions.

The picture of "Piano of Steel" is simple, clean and rich, and it also has a sense of nostalgia.

This stems from the director’s insistence on filming with film. After several twists and turns in the filming of the whole film, the director started "Piano of Steel" with pieced together money, which was almost aborted due to lack of funds, and finally Amanda, the leading actor, made a generous contribution.

Although the cumulative box office of this film is only over 6.5 million, its word-of-mouth is almost one-sided. More than 370,000 people on Douban scored 8.5, and the film has participated in more than 40 film festivals and won 57 awards, becoming a "professional winner" in various film festivals at home and abroad.

At 15:56 on May 31st, come to the movie channel to relive industry and romance and see how Chen Guilin and his workmates build a steel piano!

　　China Youth Network, Beijing, May 29th (Reporter Wu Zhangyong, trainee reporter Wei Linyi) In a foreign country filled with bullets and smoke, there are such a group of China soldiers who are not afraid of sacrifice and contribute their youth and strength to the cause of peacekeeping with their steel bodies; Outside the thousands of miles where the disease is raging and the turmoil is rampant, they have made selfless efforts and devoted their sincerity and strength to protecting the peace of the region with their exquisite business; On the African continent, which is destitute of goods and materials, they are not afraid of difficulties and dangers, and rely on superb technology to build bridges and roads to guard peace and beauty … … They won the recognition of the people in the host country with their tough style, and they exchanged endless honors for the people of China with their proud achievements. They are the officers and men of chinese peacekeepers.

　　May 29th is the 14th International Peacekeepers’ Day and the 26th year of China’s participation in peacekeeping. In the past 26 years, China’s peacekeeping officers and soldiers have established a peacekeeping image praised by the world, and China’s peacekeeping cause has developed in depth and achieved a historical leap. Today, under the new international peacekeeping situation, China’s peacekeeping officers and men have actively responded to the concept of "building a community of human destiny" put forward by Chairman Supreme Leader, and promoted the new situation of peacekeeping in China with practical actions.

　　On September 28th, 2015, the Supreme Leader of president attended the UN peacekeeping summit at the UN headquarters in new york and delivered a speech. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Tao photo

　　Twenty-six years of youth cast peacekeeping "China brand"

　　It has been 26 years since China first sent observers to participate in peacekeeping operations in 1990.

　　In the past 26 years, no matter in the Congo (DRC) where the disease is rampant or in Mali where the war is raging; Regardless of whether it is extremely hot in Sudan or dangerous in Lebanon, chinese peacekeepers has always adhered to the concept of "mission is above everything else, responsibility is more important than Mount Tai", overcame various difficulties with tenacious fighting spirit, and created a well-known "China brand" for peacekeeping.

　　"Strict discipline, no offense in autumn" is the core of peacekeeping "China brand".

　　According to the statistics of the Peacekeeping Affairs Office of the Ministry of National Defense, as of May 2015, the China Army has sent a total of 30,178 peacekeepers, and 10 of them have given their lives to maintain international peace and security. Since participating in peacekeeping operations, China peacekeepers have maintained the record of "zero violation of discipline" and "zero repatriation".

　　"Pursuing Excellence and Striving for First Class" is the goal of peacekeeping "China Brand".

　　In Mali, the highest temperature in the dry season is nearly 50 degrees Celsius, and China peacekeepers built a secondary hospital in less than four months; In Wau, South chinese peacekeepers, the officers and men of built the 3 km road from the peacekeeping camp to the airport into the best road in the war zone in just three days. In Congo (DRC), a Uruguayan peacekeeper wrote the following sentence on the back of his badge: "If I am injured, please take me to China Hospital".

　　It is understood that up to now, chinese peacekeepers has built and repaired more than 11,000 kilometers of roads and more than 300 bridges, cleared more than 9,400 mines and various unexploded ordnance, transported 1.1 million tons of various materials and equipment, transported a total mileage of 12 million kilometers, treated more than 149,000 patients, and completed more than 450 mobile patrols and more than 230 alert escort missions.

　　"Love the people, help the people and spread friendship" is the responsibility of peacekeeping "China brand".

　　"I love Congo, I love China". In the immature children’s voices, the children in the SOS Children’s Village in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo happily welcomed the arrival of the 19th batch of China peacekeeping troops in Democratic Republic of Congo. Peacekeepers brought stationery, clothing and cultural and sports supplies, and specially brought snacks made by themselves. In 2005, officers and men of China peacekeeping troops in the Democratic Republic of the Congo teamed up with SOS Children’s Village in Bukavu to build aid. Even though China’s peacekeeping medical team in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has gone through more than a dozen rotations, the love relay continues all the time.

　　In the Marigao area, peacekeepers from other countries often send iced soda and fruit to China peacekeepers. In South China, the elderly old chief Rabbi specially sent four old hens to see off the Pakistani peacekeepers who are about to return to China; In many mission areas, local people will say that they don’t know the English on the uniforms of peacekeepers, but they know that "these soldiers with five-star red flags on their armbands are good people."

The original literature and history Jun Haoran’s literature and history is included in the topic # Late Qing Dynasty 28# China Modern History 37.

Tongzhi

Historians often describe Tongzhi Emperor as a "doormat" controlled by Cixi. At the same time, the death of Emperor Tongzhi is also a hot topic in academic circles and workshops, and the explosive words like brothel and syphilis are also popular among the people. Today, Wen Shijun will take a look at the life of Emperor Tongzhi with you.

First, Zai Chun’s early establishment and Xinyou coup

Emperor Tongzhi, namely Aisingiorro Zai Chun, is the eldest son of Emperor Xianfeng and the biological son of Cixi. Before Tongzhi ascended the throne, that is, in the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), in the Xinyou year of the lunar calendar, there was a coup in the palace-Xinyou coup, also known as Qixiang coup.

Tongzhi

The word "Qi Xiang" was originally promised by Zai Chun, and it was taken from "Don’t dry up, don’t be a child, give birth to Qi Xiang" in The History of Song Dynasty. Later, after the successful coup, the title of "Tongzhi" was changed.

In July of this year, when Xianfeng was dying, he decided to make Zai Chun the Crown Prince. Because the emperor was worried that his son was young, he appointed eight people, including Su Shun and Duan Hua, to assist the young master in government affairs, which was known as "Eight Ministers of Gu Ming" in history.

Xianfeng

However, Xianfeng’s decision shook the conservative political forces headed by Yi. Yi joined forces with Empress Dowager Cixi and Ci ‘an, who also had political ambitions, and successfully launched a coup in September. Eight ministers demoted and killed, and the palace almost became the world of a three-person group.

In winter, the Empress Dowager Ci ‘an and Empress Cixi changed the title to Tongzhi, and the Tongzhi emperor officially ascended the throne in the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Tongzhi, taking the meaning of "Tongzhi" in the Spring and Autumn Annals, symbolizes the Manchu people’s willingness to cooperate with the Han monarch and ministers and rule the country together. Of course, this title also follows the title of Shunzhi of the first emperor. The Empress Dowager of the Imperial Palace formally listened to the government in hall of mental cultivation. Until the emperor grew up, no matter how big or small, he had to listen to the queen mother of the two palaces.

Cixi and Ci ‘an controlled the state affairs.

Second, listening to politics and the change of Zai Chun’s thought.

The Empress Dowager of the two palaces listened to politics, and the young emperor was also happy to be at leisure and set his mind at ease to study in the Hongde Hall, which was taught by Qi Junzao and others. If this goes on, the Tongzhi emperor will study hard with his heart, and the old lady will carefully assist his ministers. This should have been a scene of blind date.

Tongzhi emperor’s juvenile pen practice map

However, the operation of power often does not follow the routine. Soon, Cixi overwhelmed Yi and Ci ‘an in the power struggle, and the three-person group became "one arbitrary family". Cixi cultivated her pro-Party and restricted the emperor’s power. When the emperor grew up, he found that he was not like that at all. The contradiction between mother and son just surfaced.

Cixi in film and television dramas

But Cixi was in full swing, and Zai Chun couldn’t help it, if not taste. In the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869), the Qing court began to prepare for the big wedding for the emperor, and Cixi decreed that the ceremony should be "frugal".

At that time, Zai Chun was 14 years old, and both Shunzhi and Kangxi were married at this age. The emperor is young and has his own interests. But the queen mother’s decision is obviously that she doesn’t want Zai Chun to "contact her in-laws" too early. He was afraid that the emperor would have other support, which would hinder him from listening to politics.

Young tongzhi emperor

Three years later, in the draft of Qing Palace, both Empresses had their own fancy. On the surface, it is to choose a concubine for the emperor. In private, the tide is surging and competing with each other. Never thought, Tongzhi emperor didn’t like Fucha arranged by his mother, but liked Arute recommended by Empress Dowager Ci ‘an. Tongzhi is probably deliberately angry with Cixi. The emperor is young and energetic. He has long had a contradiction with his mother and hates his mother. Naturally, he hates his house and his house.

This made Cixi quite unhappy and finally decided to suppress the emperor and the imperial concubine. There is often a saying in unofficial history that Arute was persecuted to death by Cixi, which is actually how it came about.

Arute in film and television dramas

In the first month of the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), the Empress Dowager of the two palaces allowed Tongzhi to take charge of her own affairs. Tongzhi was 18 years old this year, which was the quiet period of Qing diplomacy. The Taiping Rebellion was initially put down in China, and the Westernization Movement was in full swing. The emperor also has a heart of struggle. This period is called "Tongzhi Zhongxing".

Originally, in this good time, the Tongzhi emperor should make great efforts, but in October of the following year, it was suddenly reported that the emperor was ill in the palace, and the memorial was still to be approved by the Queen Mother of the two palaces. On the fifth day of December, Emperor Tongzhi died in hall of mental cultivation at the age of 19. The Tongzhi emperor, who had just ruled the country and was full of ambitions and practiced, died so hastily.

Tongzhi died

Third, the mystery of tongzhi’s death

How did Emperor Tongzhi die? The academic and anecdotal versions are different. There is a saying from the Diary of Weng Tonghe that Tongzhi got "pox" and died of smallpox.

But people don’t believe this version. Because the emperor began to have a sick body in October and died suddenly in December, this time of more than one month did not conform to the death law of "pox disease". Therefore, unofficial history speculated that Tongzhi was "going to get sick". This "sexual disease" is syphilis.

Tongzhi

Which version should we believe?

Let’s talk about pox first. According to the record in Weng Tonghe’s Diary, the emperor began to stay in bed in November, and was diagnosed by the physician Li Deli as suffering from smallpox. At the beginning of the month, the emperor had symptoms of "no appetite" and "sore throat and nausea". Later, after eating duck porridge, Radix Scrophulariae, cicada clothing and honeysuckle, "the sore throat was reduced".

In the middle of the month, Weng Tonghe was able to meet the emperor personally. He described Tongzhi as "lying out, flowers are extremely dense", which means that the emperor has acne all over his body. After two days, I saw that the emperor became "powerful in voice and full in grouting", which seemed to be the stage for the human body to fight smallpox virus, and the emperor seemed to be getting better.

Cixi visits the sick

In fact, the emperor did not recover from illness. It is precisely because the acne granules are full but delayed, and those who do not get acne are unclear. By the beginning of December, the emperor became "haggard and hot in his chest." When the physician uncovered the ointment and squeezed pus, he found that "the pus was half-filled and purple under the waist." It wasn’t long before the emperor died.

This is Weng Tonghe’s record of Tongzhi Emperor’s illness, which is very detailed and clear.

Weng Tonghe in Film and Television Plays

However, according to unofficial history’s Legacy of the Qing Palace, "Tongzhi went to the place where prostitutes worked, causing syphilis". Emperor, why do you sleep in flowers and willow trees? Unofficial history said that it was the emperor who was afraid of the majesty of Cixi and felt that the palace was boring, so he "went out and indulged in prostitution". What’s even more amazing is that the emperor also specially looked for some "prostitutes in the city", that is, those "wild sellers" who couldn’t get on the table. Xiao Yishan, a famous historian of Qing Dynasty, has repeatedly emphasized that Tongzhi Emperor died of syphilis, which is widely circulated among the people. Considering the emperor’s special hobbies, it seems that it is not impossible.

However, in recent years, a large number of Qing Palace archives have been published, which provides some new materials for people to explore these issues. For example, the archives of the Qing Dynasty, Long live the book of drugs for smallpox, recorded all the diagnosis and medication records since the illness of Emperor Tongzhi. Comparing these records with Weng Tonghe’s diary, the records of the illness are relatively consistent. Scholars in the Palace Museum also consulted relevant Chinese medicine experts on this file, and the conclusion was that they died of smallpox, and the experts also gave a specific course of disease: smallpox (pox rash) was the initial stage of the disease; The middle stage of the disease is "carbuncle after acne" caused by the virus of acne rash; The later stage of the disease is "toothache" caused by the residual poison of acne rash; Finally, he died of toxic heat invagination.

Tongzhi is in brothel.

Therefore, from the current research, it seems that the Tongzhi emperor is more likely to die of smallpox. As for the statement of syphilis, it may be related to the special hobby of Tongzhi and the people’s rebellious psychology towards the "big man" in folk communication.

Wen Shijun said

Empress Dowager Cixi was too harsh, which made Tongzhi develop a rebellious and withdrawn character. It is said that the eunuch in the palace secretly opened a small door for him at the edge of the Forbidden City to please the young master. Tongzhi went out of the city through a small door, and three or two attendants walked close to him. It would be a great loss of decency if someone saw the emperor prostitute himself. However, it is an indisputable fact that Tongzhi has this hobby. Yi and other ministers have warned the Queen Mother many times, which is recorded in the history books. The emperor had to avoid the minister’s eyes and vent his desire in a remote place where no one cares. Indulgence, plus the place to go is not an "insurance" place. Therefore, the probability of the emperor being infected with prostitution is not small. But in the end, he got sick and died. According to the analysis of medical records, smallpox is more likely.

references

Qu Weiying: The Cause of Death of Tongzhi and Guangxu, Outlook Weekly, No.11, 1988.

Shen Weibin: Viewing the illness and cause of death of Tongzhi Emperor from the Diary of Weng Tonghe, Exploration and Contention, No.1, 2006.

Xu Yipu: The Death of Emperor Tongzhi, Journal of the Palace Museum, No.4, 1980.

(Author: Haoran literature and history porcelain country garbage dump)

Original title: "He was the shortest-lived emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He was controlled to die strangely all his life. Did he die of smallpox or syphilis? 》

On May 14th, 2022, local time, a serious fire broke out in a commercial building in New Delhi, India, killing 27 people so far. Local police say at least 50 people have been rescued, and 29 people are still missing.

On May 14th, 2022, local time, in New Delhi, India, people gathered around the building where the fire broke out.

On May 14, 2022, local time, in New Delhi, India, rescuers worked in a building where a fire broke out.

On May 14, 2022, local time, the police blocked the area around the fire scene in New Delhi, India.

On May 14, 2022, in New Delhi, India, a woman showed a photo of her 20-year-old daughter outside the hospital morgue, and her daughter was killed in a fire.

The building that caught fire mainly rented workshops to enterprises. At the time of the incident, fires broke out on all four floors. Preliminary investigation shows that the fire started on the second floor, where a company produces monitors and routers. At present, the cause of the fire is still unclear.

On May 14th, 2022, local time, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal of Delhi arrived at the scene of the fire, saying that the Delhi government had ordered an investigation into the accident. He also announced that he would pay 1 million Indian Rupee (about 87,600 yuan) to each family who died, and provide 50,000 Indian Rupee (about 4,380 yuan) as consolation money to each injured person.

A quick tour of the world

Queen Elizabeth II makes public appearance at the Royal Windsor Horse Show.

On May 13th, 2022, in Windsor, England, Queen Elizabeth II made a public appearance at the Royal Windsor Horse Show.

On the 10th, Queen Elizabeth II did not attend the opening ceremony of the British Parliament due to mobility difficulties, which was the first time in nearly 60 years. However, on the 13th, Elizabeth II looked good when she attended the horse show. Elizabeth II’s last public appearance was to attend the memorial ceremony of her late husband, Duke of Edinburgh, at the end of March.

The inauguration ceremony of Hungary’s first female president was held in Budapest.

On May 14th, 2022, Budapest, Hungary, the inauguration ceremony of the first female president of Hungary, Novak Katalin, was held in Budapest.

On March 10th, the Hungarian Parliament elected Novak Katalin, the presidential candidate of the ruling two parties, the Youth League and the Christian Democratic Party, as the President of Hungary. Novak became Hungary’s first female president.

Sri Lanka once again shortened the national curfew.

On May 14th, 2022, local time, Colombo, Sri Lanka, the curfew imposed by Sri Lanka was temporarily lifted, and soldiers patrolled the streets and stood ready.

According to media reports in Sri Lanka, the curfew currently imposed by the police in the country will be temporarily lifted at 6 o’clock on the 14th, and will be implemented again at 18 o’clock on the same day until 5 o’clock on the 15th.

People in Okinawa, Japan, held a demonstration, calling for reducing the burden brought by the US military base to the local area.

On May 14th, 2022, local time in Okinawa, Japan, the people of Okinawa held a "peaceful March" around the Futenma Base and Kadena Base of the US military, calling for reducing the burden brought by the US military base to the local area.

The "March for Peace" campaign was cancelled last year and the year before last because of the COVID-19 epidemic. This year, it was scaled down and held again after two years.

Yemeni children face severe malnutrition.

On May 14th, 2022, in Hajj province, northern Yemen, a one-and-a-half-year-old child faced with severe malnutrition and lived in a temporary camp for homeless people.

This article is a picture of Xinhua News Agency’s people’s visual surging image

The Decision of the State Council on Amending the Measures for Holidays of National Festival and Memorial Day shall come into force on January 1, 2025. There are two articles in the Decision, which mainly stipulate the following contents. First, the holidays for all citizens will be increased by 2 days, that is, Lunar New Year’s Eve and May 2. After the increase, there will be 4 days for the Spring Festival (Lunar New Year’s Eve, the first day to the third day of the first month) and 2 days for Labor Day (May 1 and 2). Second, on holidays for all citizens, unified holidays can be arranged reasonably, and combined with the implementation of paid annual leave and other systems, a longer holiday can actually be formed. Except for a few special circumstances, the continuous work before and after the statutory holidays generally does not exceed 6 days.

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Decision of the State Council on Amending the Measures for Holidays of National Festival and Memorial Day

Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the arrangement of some holidays in 2025

According to the "Decision on Implementing the Gradual Delay of the Statutory Retirement Age", from January 1, 2025, the statutory retirement age of male employees who were 60 years old will be delayed by one month every four months and gradually delayed to 63 years old; For female employees whose original legal retirement age is 55 years old, the legal retirement age is delayed by one month every four months and gradually delayed to 58 years old; The original statutory retirement age of female employees is 50 years old, and the statutory retirement age is delayed by one month every two months, and gradually delayed to 55 years old.

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The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s decision on gradually delaying the statutory retirement age.

The Energy Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall come into force on January 1, 2025. This law consists of nine chapters, including general principles, energy planning, energy development and utilization, energy market system, energy reserve and emergency, energy science and technology innovation, supervision and management, legal responsibilities, supplementary provisions, etc. Based on the reality of China’s energy resources endowment, energy law adapts to the new situation of energy development, and makes provisions on major basic issues in the energy field at the legal level. It is a basic and guiding law in the energy field.

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Full-text Release: People’s Republic of China (PRC) Energy Law

The Academic Degrees Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall come into force on January 1, 2025. The degree law clarifies that degrees are divided into academic degrees and professional degrees, which is a major breakthrough in this legislation. The Academic Degrees Law clearly stipulates that the conditions for awarding are clearly defined according to the three levels of bachelor, master and doctor. According to the two types of academic degrees and professional degrees, the conditions for awarding degrees are stipulated respectively, which further reflects the differences and characteristics of the two types of degrees, in which academic degrees highlight academic research ability and professional degrees highlight professional practice ability.

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People’s Republic of China (PRC) degree law

The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued a notice, demanding that the interest rate adjustment policy of individual housing loans for stock housing provident fund should be well connected. For loans with a term of one year or less, the contract interest rate should be implemented, and interest should not be calculated in sections; If the loan term is more than one year, the new interest rate regulations shall be implemented on January 1, 2025 according to the corresponding interest rate grades, unless otherwise stipulated by the state. Previously, the Notice of the People’s Bank of China on Lowering the Interest Rate of Personal Housing Provident Fund Loans required that the interest rate of personal housing provident fund loans should be lowered by 0.25 percentage point from May 18, 2024, and the interest rates of the first set of personal housing provident fund loans for less than five years (including five years) and more than five years should be adjusted to 2.35% and 2.85% respectively, and the interest rates of the second set of personal housing provident fund loans for less than five years (including five years) and more than five years should be adjusted to not less than. For individual housing provident fund loans issued before May 18, 2024, the adjusted interest rate will be implemented from January 1, 2025.

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It is related to the convergence of the stock mortgage policy! The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development arranges the adjustment of personal mortgage interest rate of provident fund.

The revised Regulations on the Application and Use of Motor Vehicle Driving License will be implemented on January 1, 2025. This revision mainly includes two aspects: First, adjust the application age and the upper limit of the driving age for large and medium-sized vans. Extend the application age limit for driving licenses of large and medium-sized vans from 60 to 63, and extend the age limit for quasi-driving models of large and medium-sized vans from 60 to 63. The second is to clarify the requirements for drivers of large and medium-sized vans to apply for extension of driving time. It is clear that drivers over the age of 63 who need to continue driving large and medium-sized vans can apply to dmv for an extension of the driving qualification period of the original quasi-driving type after passing the physical examination and passing the tests of memory, judgment and responsiveness, and the extension period shall not exceed 3 years.

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The Ministry of Public Security revised the Regulations on the Application and Use of Motor Vehicle Driver’s License to adjust the regulations on the application and age of driving license for large and medium-sized vans.

The National Medical Insurance Bureau and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the National Drug List of Basic Medical Insurance, Work Injury Insurance and Maternity Insurance (2024). 91 kinds of drugs have been added to the national medical insurance drug list, and the total number of drugs has increased to 3159. The list will be implemented on January 1, 2025. Among 91 kinds of drugs, 89 kinds were included by negotiation/bidding, 2 kinds of drugs selected from national centralized procurement were directly included, and 43 kinds of drugs that have been replaced clinically or have not been produced and supplied for a long time were transferred out. In this catalogue adjustment, some negotiated drugs have been transferred out. In order to ensure the continuity of drug use, the notice proposes to give them a six-month transition period. Before the end of June 2025, the medical insurance fund can continue to pay according to the original payment standard. During the transition period, all co-ordination areas should take effective measures to make a good connection and guide designated medical institutions to replace them in time.

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Add 91 kinds of drugs! The new national medical insurance drug list was announced.

The new version of the medical insurance drug list adds 91 drugs, detailed list!

According to the requirements of the Notice on Relevant Work of the National Immunization Plan on the Adjustment of DTP Vaccine and DTP Vaccine Immunization Program, it will be implemented nationwide from January 1, 2025, and the current immunization program of 3-month-old, 4-month-old, 5-month-old and 18-month-old with one dose of acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine and 6-year-old with one dose of diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine will be adjusted to 2-month-old and April-old.

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Notice on the work related to the adjustment of DTP vaccine and DTP vaccine immunization program in the national immunization plan

The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China jointly issued the Notice on Issues Concerning the Participation of Older Persons Receiving Unemployment Insurance in the Basic Old-age Insurance for Enterprise Employees. It will come into force on January 1, 2025 and will be implemented until December 31, 2039. The "Notice" further refines the policy of the unemployment insurance fund to pay old-age insurance premiums for older people who receive unemployment insurance benefits, and makes specific provisions on policy targets, payment standards, and handling modes. The first is to clarify the scope of personnel. All unemployed people who receive unemployment insurance benefits and are less than one year away from the statutory retirement age, including those who continue to pay unemployment insurance benefits, are included in the scope of protection. The second is to clarify the payment standard. Older pensioners participate in the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees in their personal capacity at the place where unemployment insurance benefits are paid, and part of the minimum payment standard for local flexible employees is paid by the unemployment insurance fund. The third is to clarify the handling mode. According to the policy of "pay first and then make up", older pensioners can apply to the agency for the expenses borne by the unemployment insurance fund after they have participated in the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees and paid the fees themselves. At the same time, the agency is required to actively inform the eligible older pensioners of relevant policies.

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It is related to the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees! It will be implemented on January 1 next year.

The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance recently jointly issued the Interim Measures for the Disability Allowance of the Basic Old-age Insurance for Enterprise Employees, clarifying that from January 1, 2025, if the insured persons of the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees are completely incapacitated due to illness or non-work-related disability, they can apply for receiving the disability allowance on a monthly basis, and the required funds will be paid by the basic old-age insurance fund.

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The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Interim Measures for the Disability Allowance of Basic Old-age Insurance for Enterprise Employees.

The Ministry of Finance promulgated the Measures for the Administration of the List of Serious Untrustworthy Subjects in the CPA Industry, which will take effect on January 1, 2025. The Measures list the illegal acts with bad nature, serious circumstances, great social harm and serious disruption to the professional order of certified public accountants, including: certified public accountants are punished by suspending their business for 12 months, revoking their certificates, accounting firms are punished by suspending their business for 12 months and revoking their practice licenses, certified public accountants and accounting firms are investigated for criminal responsibility according to law for illegal practice, refusing to perform the punishment within the time limit and engaging in business without approval. The Measures established a credit repair mechanism in accordance with the law, stipulating that eligible parties who have been listed in the list of serious untrustworthy subjects for one year can apply for moving out in advance, except in cases that cannot be repaired by laws, administrative regulations and policy documents of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and detailed the procedures for moving out.

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Measures for the administration of the list of serious untrustworthy subjects in the CPA industry

The General Administration of Market Supervision issued the Interim Measures for Law Enforcement Investigation of Online Transactions, which will take effect on January 20, 2025. The "Measures" clarify that the market supervision department may, according to laws and regulations, require the platform operators to provide information on the identity of the operators in the platform, goods or services, payment records, logistics express delivery, return and exchange, after-sales and other transaction information.

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The General Administration of Market Supervision issued the Interim Measures for Law Enforcement Investigation of Online Transactions.

The Decision of the State Council Municipality on Amending and Abolishing Some Administrative Regulations shall come into force on January 20, 2025. The State Council cleaned up the administrative regulations involved, and decided to amend some provisions of 21 administrative regulations and abolish 4 administrative regulations. Five administrative regulations, such as the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices, were revised, and the names of institutions that have not been used, changed institutions and institutions involved in the transfer of responsibilities were adjusted. Six administrative regulations, such as the Regulations on the Administration of Publishing, were revised. According to the Decision of the State Council on Cancelling and Adjusting a Batch of Fines (Guo Fa [2023] No.20), the types and ranges of relevant penalties were revised accordingly, and the amount and calculation method of relevant fines were adjusted. Seven administrative regulations, such as the Regulations on the Administration of Internet Service Sites, were revised, and the successful experience of temporarily adjusting and applying the relevant administrative regulations in the Pilot Free Trade Zone was promoted nationwide, some examination and approval items were cancelled, and some examination and approval items were changed to filing management. In addition, three administrative regulations have been revised, simplifying the certification of relevant official documents. At the same time, four administrative regulations, including the Provisions on Several Issues concerning patriotic health campaign committee and its Offices, were abolished.

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Li Qiang signed the the State Council Order to promulgate the Decision of the State Council on Amending and Abolishing Some Administrative Regulations.

The Regulations on Network Data Security Management shall come into force on January 1, 2025. The Regulations explicitly encourage the innovative application of network data in various industries and fields, protect network data by classification, actively participate in the formulation of international rules and standards related to network data security, strengthen industry self-discipline, and prohibit illegal network data processing activities. The "Regulations" refine the provisions on the protection of personal information. Clarify the rules for handling personal information and the specific provisions that should be observed. Network data processors are required to provide convenient ways and means to support individuals to exercise their rights, and unreasonable conditions are not allowed to restrict individuals’ reasonable requests. Clarify the protection obligation of collecting personal information by using automatic collection technology, and refine the realization way of personal information transfer request.

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Li Qiang signed the the State Council Order to promulgate the Regulations on the Security Management of Network Data.

The revised Regulations of the National Natural Science Foundation shall come into force on January 1, 2025. The Regulations consist of 7 chapters and 45 articles. The "Regulations" make it clear that the natural science fund mainly comes from the central budget, and local governments, enterprises and other organizations are encouraged to invest in the form of joint funding, and social forces are encouraged to donate. The revised "Regulations" expand the scope of supporting units. Except for institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutions and relevant public welfare institutions, other units that meet the requirements of the state can be registered as supporting units. The "Regulations" clearly set up special funds to train young scientific and technical talents and support young talents who have made outstanding achievements in the field of science and technology and have obvious innovation potential.

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Li Qiang signed the the State Council Order to promulgate the revised Regulations of the National Natural Science Foundation.

The revised Martyrs’ Commendation Regulations shall come into force on January 1, 2025. There are 8 chapters and 70 articles in the Regulations, and the main contents of the revision are as follows. The first is to further clarify the working principles. It is stipulated that the martyrs praise the work and adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC); The state praises, commemorates and protects martyrs, safeguards the dignity and honor of martyrs, protects the legitimate rights and interests of martyrs’ survivors, publicizes the deeds and spirit of martyrs, and promotes socialist core values. The second is to improve the conditions and procedures for evaluating martyrs. Supplement the evaluation of martyrs, improve the review procedures after evaluation, and strengthen information reporting. The third is to improve pension benefits and service guarantees. Clarify the channels for granting one-time pensions, and grant regular living allowances to the elderly children of martyrs. Implement dynamic and accurate management, and confirm the recipients of regular pensions and subsidies every year. Strengthen honor incentives and preferential treatment. The fourth is to strengthen the protection and management of martyrs memorial facilities. Increase the responsibilities of the government and relevant departments. Refine the requirements for defining the scope of protection, and define the scope of protection according to the category, scale, protection level and surrounding environment. It is emphasized that land and facilities within the scope of protection should not be encroached upon, and restrictions on engineering construction in the surrounding areas should be increased. The fifth is to increase publicity and promotion. Strengthen the publicity and education of martyrs’ deeds and spirit, and establish and improve the system of martyrs’ sacrifice and sweeping and etiquette norms.

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Li Qiang signed the the State Council Order to promulgate the revised Martyrs’ Commendation Regulations.

The revised Anti-Money Laundering Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall come into force on January 1, 2025. The Anti-Money Laundering Law further improves the definition of anti-money laundering. On the basis of retaining seven types of key crimes in the upstream crime of money laundering, it is stipulated that concealing and concealing the criminal proceeds of "other crimes" and the source and nature of their proceeds also belong to money laundering activities. In view of some illegal money laundering behaviors such as "underground money houses", the Anti-Money Laundering Law further clarifies the connection with the criminal law, and clearly stipulates that those who use financial institutions or specific non-financial institutions to commit money laundering crimes or commit money laundering crimes through illegal channels shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. The conditions for financial institutions to take money laundering risk management measures shall not take measures that obviously do not match the risk situation of money laundering, and guarantee the basic and necessary financial services related to medical care, social security and public utility services enjoyed by customers according to law.

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People’s Republic of China (PRC) anti-money laundering law

　　South African employees debug the prototype of Hisense household appliances to be put into local stores.

　　Photo by Li Yindan

　　Thai employees operate in Haier air conditioning production line.

　　Photo by Chen Ai

　　Workers work in the workshop of Shaanxi Konka Smart Home Appliances Co., Ltd. located in Xi ‘an International Port Area.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Bowen photo

　　At the 2023 Sao Paulo International Consumer Electronics and Household Appliances Exhibition, visitors took a group photo in front of TCL booth.

　　Our reporter Shi Yuanzhang photo

　　During the 2022 Consumer Electronics Show in Berlin, visitors learned about smart kitchen equipment in front of the casarte booth.

　　Our reporter Li Qiang photo

　　With the continuous optimization and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry, China’s household appliances are going to the world with the image of "China Zhizao". With the advantages of quality and innovation, China brand smart home appliances are popular overseas, allowing more families to enjoy the convenient life brought by scientific and technological progress. At the same time, some home appliance enterprises in China set up overseas production bases and supporting industrial chains to help local industries upgrade, create jobs and promote economic and social development.

　　"Bring a new smart home experience"

　　Market research institutions predict that the global smart home equipment market will continue to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 6.2% in the next few years. With the concept of smart home being deeply rooted in people’s hearts all over the world, more and more China brand smart home appliances have brought novel and convenient experiences to overseas consumers.

　　Vanessa, from South Africa, is very satisfied with the "new members" in her family. Not only can she regularly remind her family of the expiration date of food and recommend hundreds of recipes, but she will also inform her husband of the ingredients she needs to buy that day by SMS, and play her favorite video program … … This "new member" is the smart refrigerator launched by Hisense South Africa last year. Vanessa affectionately called it "beautiful sister". "It has become an important member of our kitchen, not only because of its beauty, but also because of its intelligence."

　　An important reason why Io, a citizen of Bangkok, Thailand, chose China brand smart home appliances is that these products are "full of humanized details". Haier washing machine in his home not only has low noise, but also has a variety of washing functions to choose from, which can meet the cleaning needs of different clothes. "I often use the 15-minute quick wash mode, which is very practical in summer." Io introduced that this washing machine is equipped with AI intelligent washing function, which can automatically detect the weight and material of clothes, and select the optimal washing mode, which can be remotely controlled through mobile phone application.

　　"Turn the air conditioner to 23 degrees Celsius and turn on the TV to play today’s football match … …” Recently, at the Consumer Electronics Show held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Fernando, who made a special trip to visit TCL booth, took the initiative to demonstrate the brand products to reporters. "With simple voice commands, the TV at home can switch between different usage scenarios, whether it is work, fitness or games, which brings me a new smart home experience." Fernando said that his TV, air conditioner and mobile phone are all made in China, and he plans to buy more smart home appliances in the future to build his own smart home.

　　In addition, a series of China-branded smart home appliances, such as intelligent door locks with visual intercom, sweeping robots that can patrol automatically, and intelligent cooking machines that can automatically add ingredients, have all accelerated to go abroad and "circle" overseas consumers. Whether on the scene of national economic and trade cooperation platforms such as China Import and Export Fair or overseas online and offline channels, the attention of China brand smart home appliances is constantly increasing.

　　"Attracting users with innovative scientific and technological strength"

　　Data show that in the first half of this year, the number of household appliances exported by China exceeded 1.7 billion units, up 1.4% year-on-year, and the export value was 296.7 billion yuan, up 5.2% year-on-year. Superior intelligent experience is one of the important reasons for the contrarian growth of China’s home appliance exports.

　　"Focus on R&D, advanced technology and perfect supply chain, so that China brand smart home appliances can become quality products that can provide innovative technologies." Philip Faye, vice president of TCL Brazil, said that China smart home appliance brands have continuously increased their investment in technology research and development in recent years. TCL alone has 43 research and development centers and 32 manufacturing bases around the world, and is committed to developing and manufacturing new products suitable for different markets.

　　Thailand is located in the tropics, and it needs air conditioning for refrigeration or dehumidification almost all year round. However, the humid environment makes it easy to breed mold inside the air conditioner, so many local users should regularly ask professionals to carry out in-depth cleaning. In order to solve this problem, Haier Electric (Thailand) Co., Ltd. successfully listed self-cleaning air conditioners in Thailand. By using self-cleaning technology, the dust, dirt and mold on the evaporator of the air conditioner were stripped to keep the inside of the air conditioner clean and bring health and convenience to users. After continuous updating iteration, today’s Haier air conditioner not only supports self-cleaning, but also supports UV sterilization and other functions, which fully meets the needs of local consumers. "Haier is guided by the needs of local users and based on existing technologies, constantly increasing research and development efforts and launching innovative products." Wang Quanshui, manager of the R&D department of Haier Thailand Air Conditioning Factory, said that in the past five years, Haier’s sales in Thailand have nearly tripled, ranking first in the overall air conditioning market.

　　The "Life Link" intelligent control platform independently developed by Hisense and first listed in South Africa provides users with more intelligent, convenient and energy-saving home appliances and solutions by integrating artificial intelligence and Internet of Things and other related technologies. Users can remotely control and adjust home appliance settings through smart terminals such as mobile phones, tablet computers and large screens of Hisense smart refrigerators. Macro, the sales manager of South Africa’s large supermarket chain, told reporters that Hisense and other China-branded smart home appliances are gaining favor from more and more South African consumers because of their convenient use.

　　"The increasingly rich automation function of home appliances is changing consumers’ preferences. Consumers’ demand for home appliances is not only a single-purpose electrical product, but a multi-purpose, convenient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly smart device." Xia Huasheng, an associate professor of international finance at Vargas Foundation University in Brazil, told reporters that the continuous improvement of the technological content and industrial level of "China Zhizhi" will further enhance the competitiveness of smart home appliances in China. "China smart home appliances attract users with innovative technological strength, and the future ‘ Go to sea ’ The prospects are infinitely broad. "

　　"Actively share advanced technology and experience with local people"

　　Industrial supply is the key to promote the consumption of smart home appliances. In addition to the conventional export of finished products, China smart home appliance brands set up overseas production bases and supporting industrial chains, or accelerate the global industrial layout by acquiring foreign brands, thus contributing to local industrial upgrading and employment expansion.

　　In 2013, Hisense Group and china-africa development fund jointly invested 350 million rand (US$ 1 is equivalent to 19 rand) to establish Hisense South Africa Industrial Park in the north of Cape Town. Through the career counseling program, about 70% of the management positions in the industrial park are held by local employees, and more than 5,000 employment opportunities have been created for supporting industries such as logistics, recycling, security and cleaning. "Now the skills of young people in the factory are getting better and better!" According to Poole, director of the refrigerator production line in the industrial park, China enterprises attach great importance to personnel training and improve the overall local labor skills.

　　Midea’s Egyptian dishwasher factory is the first dishwasher factory in North Africa and the Middle East that uses modern advanced production technology. "The factory has realized the integration and comprehensive application of digitalization, automation and other technologies, and used these new technologies to realize all-round changes in business model, product research and development model, production model, quality management model and consumer service model, and promote efficiency improvement, energy conservation and emission reduction and business optimization." Chen Weiwei, the person in charge of the factory, said that the factory is committed to promoting the localization of R&D, manufacturing and talents, and has provided about 1,500 jobs for the local area. "The factory actively shares advanced technology and experience with the local area, continuously improves the local manufacturing capability, and the localization ratio of parts and components has reached 60%." In March this year, Egyptian Prime Minister Madbouli said that the factory promoted the localization of modern industries in Egypt and played an important role in promoting local economy and employment.

　　Haier set up a factory in Thailand in 2007, which has developed into a manufacturing center with an annual output of one million units, integrating R&D, manufacturing and export, and its production capacity advantage is constantly expanding. The factory has more than 2,500 employees and many production lines such as refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners. Its products not only serve local users in Thailand, but also are exported to Europe, South America and the Middle East. Employee Salmon has been working in the factory for many years. He told reporters: "I have witnessed the development and changes of the increasing number of employees in the factory and the gradual expansion of the product assembly line. I am very grateful to Haier for providing us with job opportunities. The home appliances in our home are all Haier’s, which is both safe and proud to use. "

　　Last March was a big policy aimed at regulating the property market and stabilizing expectations, and this March was an intimate little detail involving market transactions. Following the release of the official version of the second-hand housing contract between buyers and sellers, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued three documents concerning housing agencies last night, aiming at regulating the second-hand housing market, clarifying for the first time the relationship between the sale of stock houses and the brokerage services, and clarifying the rights and obligations of real estate brokers and buyers and sellers.

　　All three documents will be implemented on April 15th. According to the contents of the document, the charging standard of second-hand housing intermediary service is determined by the entrusting party and the entrusted party through consultation based on the service content, service cost, service quality and market supply and demand; There is no clear requirement for who will pay the service fee, and it is also agreed by the parties to the transaction themselves.

　　The charging standard of agency fee shall be settled through negotiation.

　　In addition to the Notice on Strengthening the Administration of Filing and Publicity of Business Sites of Beijing Real Estate Brokerage Agencies, this time, the model texts of Beijing Stock House Sale Brokerage Service Contract and Beijing Stock House Purchase Brokerage Service Contract were also released.

　　"Sale contract" refers to the contract signed by the second-hand house seller and the housing agency, while "off-take contract" refers to the contract signed by the buyer and the housing agency. That is to say, starting from April 15th, buyers and sellers of second-hand houses in Beijing will sign contracts with intermediaries separately.

　　The reporter learned from a number of intermediaries that there have been practices in which intermediaries have signed contracts or agreements with buyers and sellers before. However, it is found that the official version is more comprehensive and standardized in content.

　　Especially on the issue of agency fees. Both the sale contract and the off-take contract are marked with a "service fee". Does this mean that there will be a new attempt to collect agency fees? Previously, an intermediary in Tianjin has tried to share the burden between buyers and sellers. Will Beijing follow up? How to determine the charging standard?

　　Judging from the current market trading habits, the brokerage service fee is mainly borne by the buyer. "There is no clear requirement for who will pay the brokerage service fee, which is agreed by the parties to the transaction." Li Wenjie, president of the Beijing Real Estate Agency Industry Association, explained that according to the Measures for the Administration of Real Estate Brokers, the same real estate brokerage business can only be charged according to one business, and no additional fees can be charged to the clients. Therefore, brokerage institutions sign sales and off-take contracts with clients respectively. No matter whether the brokerage service fees are paid by both parties or by one of them, brokerage institutions cannot increase the fees.

　　As for the charging standard, Li Wenjie said that the state and Beijing Municipality stipulate that the real estate brokerage service fee shall be subject to market-regulated price management, and the charging standard shall be determined by the entrusting party and the entrusted party through consultation according to the service content, service cost, service quality and market supply and demand. Therefore, in the model contract, there is no definite standard, but it is left to negotiation in the transaction.

　　Buyers and sellers also have to pay intermediary fees for "string orders"

　　What needs to be reminded to buyers and sellers is that even if no transaction is finally reached with the intermediary after entrustment, they may have to pay the corresponding intermediary fee, which is listed in the contract model through "liability for breach of contract".

　　For buyers, they have given up the right to entrust other intermediaries to buy a house at the same time (exclusively entrusted to an intermediary), but they bought a house through other intermediaries during the entrustment period; The buyer refuses to sign a transaction contract with the seller introduced by the entrusted intermediary, but makes a transaction with the seller within the agreed time after the expiration of the entrustment period; The buyer refuses to sign a contract with the seller introduced by the entrusted intermediary, but after the expiration of the entrusted period, he has to pay the intermediary fee to the entrusted intermediary in accordance with the contract.

　　For the seller, he has given up the right to entrust other intermediaries to sell the house (exclusively entrusted to an intermediary), but sold the house through other intermediaries during the entrustment period; Has given up the right to sell by itself, but sells the house by itself within the entrustment period; Has refused to sign a transaction contract with the buyer introduced by the entrusted intermediary, but has made a transaction with the buyer within the agreed time after the expiration of the entrusted period; We have refused to sign a transaction contract with the buyer introduced by the entrusting intermediary, but within the agreed time after the expiration of the entrustment period, we have made a transaction with the buyer through other intermediaries. If the entrusting intermediary has evidence to prove that there is a direct causal relationship between the transaction of the house and the brokerage service for the sale of the existing house, we need to pay the intermediary fee to the entrusting intermediary in accordance with the contract.

　　The contract can be terminated if it is infringed by false information.

　　According to the liabilities for breach of contract listed in the two contracts, if the intermediary entrusted by the buyer or the seller infringes on the interests of the buyer or the seller by concealing or fabricating information, the intermediary shall refund the collected real estate brokerage service fee and bear the liability for compensation according to law, and the buyer and the seller also have the right to unilaterally terminate the contract.

　　However, if the buyer or seller provides false housing information and materials, the intermediary also has the right to unilaterally terminate the contract.

　　In addition, the model contract also makes it clear that if the contract cannot be performed as agreed due to force majeure, the liability may be exempted in part or in whole according to the influence of force majeure, but the party that fails to perform the contract as agreed due to force majeure shall inform the other party in time.

　　The model text of the stock house sale and off-take brokerage service contract will be promoted and implemented together with the model text of the Stock House Sales Contract released in the early stage, and will be officially put into use from April 15, 2018.

　　The person in charge of the Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development previously introduced that since March last year, a total of 532 intermediaries operating in violation of regulations have been cancelled for the record, 351 intermediary stores operating in violation of regulations have been shut down, and 240 stores have shut down by themselves, which has formed a powerful shock to market violations.

　　"If last year was ‘ Law enforcement supervision year ’ , then this year will become ‘ Year of system construction ’ The service supervision of government departments on the real estate brokerage industry will continue to advance in the direction of deepening, refinement and long-term. " Yin Fei, dean of the School of Law of the Central University of Finance and Economics, said that the policy documents issued by the Municipal Housing Construction Committee and relevant departments this year have comprehensively strengthened the management of intermediaries by improving policies and regulations, strengthening institutional mechanisms, and guiding the use of contract model texts.

Recently, the Provincial Department of Transportation organized and compiled the Revision of Anhui Provincial Highway Network Planning (2022-2035), which was approved by the provincial government and issued for implementation. It is planned that by 2035, the total mileage of ordinary national highways in Anhui Province will be about 26,205 kilometers, and the road network density will be about 18.7 kilometers/100 square kilometers. Among them, the ordinary national highway is about 8300 kilometers, and the ordinary provincial highway is about 17905 kilometers.

This round of planning revision added and adjusted 112 ordinary provincial routes.

According to the National Highway Network Planning, there are 29 national highways in Anhui Province, with a mileage of about 8,300 kilometers, including 3 radial lines from the capital, 7 north-south longitudinal lines, 12 east-west transverse lines and 7 tie lines. There are 249 general provincial roads, including 5 radial lines, 55 vertical lines, 48 horizontal lines, 131 tie lines and 10 loop lines, with a total mileage of 17,905 kilometers.

The layout scheme of ordinary national highways has been clearly defined in the National Highway Network Planning, and this planning focuses on the layout scheme and composition of ordinary provincial highways. This round of planning revision added and adjusted 112 routes, with a net increase of 2322 kilometers; Among them, 56 lines were added, with a net increase of 1445 kilometers, 39 lines were extended, with a net increase of 830 kilometers, and 17 local routes were adjusted, with a net increase of 47 kilometers.

According to the route function, new and adjusted routes are divided into eight types: accelerating the development of regional integration. 19 new and adjusted routes, including 11 new routes, such as Nanqiao-Pukou, Tiantangzhai-Luotian and Gaochun-Beaver Bridge; Extend 5, such as Shengquan-Wangjiaba; Three local routes were adjusted, such as Hefei-Fuyang. Improve the level of inter-city connectivity. 14 routes were added and adjusted, including 8 new routes, such as Chulan-Lieshan, Zipeng-Chengnan and Daguan-Shuang Gang. Extend six, such as the old bridge-Lintou.

Deepen the coverage of economic nodes. 19 new and adjusted routes, including 15 new routes, such as Bai Liu-Jinshe, Zhongguan-Hetu, Fuxing-Huikou, etc. Extend 4, such as Xuba-Xiaohe. Strengthen the connectivity of transportation hubs. 14 new and adjusted routes, including 6 new ones, such as Shuangduiji-Wugou, Gucheng-Baogong, Huangshan West High-speed Railway Connection Line, etc. Extend 7 articles, such as Dancheng-Xiyang; One local route adjustment, namely Maotan Factory-Sun.

Optimize the layout of the port-dredging highway. 9 new and adjusted routes, including 5 new ones, such as osawa Township-Qi County, Gaohuang-Fenghuang, Shijian-Yanqiao, etc. Extend 4, such as Laozhou-Longtan. Promote cross-river (river) linkage development. Seven routes were added and adjusted, including three new routes, including Xinji-Zaoxiang, Zhengyangguan-Saijian and Huayang-Xiangyue. Extend 4 lines, such as Huangwei-Zongpu.

Promote the deep integration of travel. Seven new and adjusted routes were added, including four new loop lines, including Jiaogang Lake, Tianzhu Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain and Huating Lake. Based on the planning and layout of scenic spots in southern Anhui and other regions, three scenic spots were added and adjusted, such as Taohuatan-du cun. Improve and optimize the road network layout. 23 routes were added and adjusted, including 3 new routes, including Zhuangli-Shuoli, Leichi-Taici and Yansi-Xintan; Extend 7 articles, such as Shiyang-Zhongyan, etc. 13 local routes were adjusted, such as Hanting-Wan ‘an.

All towns and villages in the province basically realize the ordinary national and provincial roads within 15 minutes.

After the revision of the plan, the inter-provincial interconnection is closer. It is planned to add 16 provincial exits of ordinary provincial roads, including 8 in the direction of Yangtze River Delta and 8 in the direction of central China. The total number of provincial exports of ordinary national and provincial highways has increased from 137 to 153, including 84 in the direction of Yangtze River Delta (69 in Jiangsu and 15 in Zhejiang) and 68 in the direction of central China (45 in Henan, 13 in Hubei and 10 in Jiangxi). The level of inter-provincial interconnection has been further improved, and the function of serving Anhui Province to link Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang and radiate the "two sectors" in the central and western regions has been effectively strengthened, which is of great significance to the integration of Yangtze River Delta and the Yangtze River.

By then, all towns and villages, scenic spots with 4A level and above, development zones and industrial parks above the provincial level in the province will basically reach the national provincial highway within 15 minutes, which will provide strong support for building "three places and one district" and "seven strong provinces". The layout across the river and Huaihe River is more perfect. All the important port areas, high-speed general interchange, high-speed railway station and other important transportation hubs in the province can get on the ordinary national and provincial roads within 10 minutes, which significantly improves the efficiency of connecting different modes of transportation and effectively promotes the level of comprehensive transportation development.

The number of cross-river passages of provincial highways in ordinary countries has increased from 8 to 10; The number of cross-Huai passages in ordinary national and provincial highways has increased from 14 to 21, and the average spacing has decreased from 26 km to 17 km, which has significantly improved the passage capacity and promoted the comprehensive development of urban cross-river and cross-Huai integration. The reporter learned that this round of planning revision has added and adjusted 9 ordinary provincial roads connecting important port areas, and there are 89 ordinary national provincial roads connecting important port areas in the province, achieving 100% coverage of important port areas in the province. The key port areas along the Yangtze River, Huaihe River and Jianghuai Canal have basically achieved coverage of 2 or more ordinary national provincial roads, and the highway dredging capacity has been further improved.

In the whole province, a "one-master and one-standby" composite highway passage between expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways is basically formed, and the main skeleton of the comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network in the province basically realizes the road network layout form of "one-master and many-standby" and "double-master and many-standby", and the network reliability and facility safety are obviously improved.

Hefei Tong Client-Lianhe Bao All-Media Reporter Yu Jiaojiao